{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:06:35Z","timestamp":1780722395260,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>The degree that in-home cannabis smoking can be detected in the urine of resident children is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>Test association of in-home cannabis smoking with urinary cannabinoids in children living at home.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This cross-sectional study used baseline data from Project Fresh Air, a 2012-2016 randomized clinical trial to reduce fine particulate matter levels. Eligible participants were recruited from households in San Diego County, California, with children under age 14 years and an adult tobacco smoker in residence. Children\u2019s urine samples were analyzed in 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>In-home cannabis smoking, measured by: parent or guardian report of in-home cannabis smoking; number of daily nonspecific smoking events computed via an air particle count algorithm; and number of daily cannabis smoking events ascertained by residualization, adjusting for air nicotine, tobacco smoking, and other air particle generating or ventilating activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Levels of the cannabis biomarker \u03949<\/jats:sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its major metabolites, 11-hydroxy-\u03949<\/jats:sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-\u03949<\/jats:sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol. Biomarker molar equivalents were summed to represent total THC equivalents (TTE) in urine. Logistic regression assessed whether in-home smoking was associated with cannabis biomarker detection. For children with detectable urinary cannabinoids, linear regression assessed in-home smoking association with quantity of urinary TTE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 275 children were included in analysis (mean [SD] age, 3.6 [3.6] years; 144 male [52.4%]; 38 Black [13.8%], 132 Hispanic [48.0%], and 52 White [18.9%]). Twenty-nine households (10.6%) reported in-home cannabis smoking in the past 7 days; 75 children [27.3%] had detectable urinary cannabinoids. Odds of detectable TTE in children\u2019s urine were significantly higher in households with reported in-home cannabis smoking than households without (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% CI, 2.4-10.4) and with each additional ascertained daily cannabis smoking event (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6-3.9). Although the point estimate for TTE levels was higher among children with detectable urinary cannabinoids and exposure to more daily cannabis smoking events (increase per event, 35.68%; 95% CI, \u22127.12% to 98.21%), the difference was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this cross-sectional study, in-home cannabis smoking was associated with significantly increased odds of child exposure to cannabis smoke, as assessed by urinary cannabinoid biomarkers. As young children spend most of their time at home, reducing in-home cannabis smoking could substantially reduce their exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic chemicals found in cannabis smoke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.55963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T16:32:06Z","timestamp":1737649926000},"page":"e2455963","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Exposure to Secondhand Cannabis Smoke Among Children"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Osika","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California"},{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Humberto","family":"Parada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Sosnoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg E.","family":"Matt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope J. 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