{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:56:36Z","timestamp":1792803396750,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Cancer is a leading cause of death among children worldwide. Treatments used for medically assisted reproduction (MAR) are suspected risk factors because of their potential for epigenetic disturbance and associated congenital malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To assess the risk of cancer, overall and by cancer type, among children born after MAR compared with children conceived naturally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>For this cohort study, the French National Mother-Child Register (EPI-MERES) was searched for all live births that occurred in France between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021 (and followed up until June 30, 2022). The EPI-MERES was built from comprehensive data of the French National Health Data System. Data analysis was performed from December 1, 2021, to June 30, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposure<\/jats:title>Use of assisted reproduction technologies (ART), such as fresh embryo transfer (ET) or frozen ET (FET), and artificial insemination (AI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>The risk of cancer was compared, overall and by cancer type, among children born after fresh ET, FET, or AI and children conceived naturally, using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for maternal and child characteristics at birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>This study included 8\u202f526\u202f306 children with a mean (SD) age of 6.4 (3.4) years; 51.2% were boys, 96.4% were singletons, 12.1% were small for gestational age at birth, and 3.1% had a congenital malformation. There were 260\u202f236 children (3.1%) born after MAR, including 133\u202f965 (1.6%) after fresh ET, 66\u202f165 (0.8%) after FET, and 60\u202f106 (0.7%) after AI. A total of 9256 case patients with cancer were identified over a median follow-up of 6.7 (IQR, 3.7-9.6) years; 165, 57, and 70 were born after fresh ET, FET, and AI, respectively. The overall risk of cancer did not differ between children conceived naturally and those born after fresh ET (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12 [95% CI, 0.96 to 1.31]), FET (HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.32]), or AI (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.86 to 1.38]). However, the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was higher among children born after FET (20 case patients; HR 1.61 [95% CI, 1.04 to 2.50]; risk difference [RD], 23.2 [95% CI, 1.5 to 57.0] per million person-years) compared with children conceived naturally. Moreover, among children born between 2010 and 2015, the risk of leukemia was higher among children born after fresh ET (45 case patients; HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.92]; adjusted RD, 19.7 [95% CI, 2.8 to 43.2] per million person-years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>The findings of this cohort study suggest that children born after FET or fresh ET had an increased risk of leukemia compared with children conceived naturally. This risk, although resulting in a limited number of cases, needs to be monitored in view of the continuous increase in the use of ART.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.9429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T15:33:22Z","timestamp":1714664002000},"page":"e249429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Medically Assisted Reproduction and Risk of Cancer Among Offspring"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Rios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, French National Health Insurance, Saint-Denis, France"},{"name":"Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Joint Research Unit (UMR) 1153, 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France"},{"name":"French National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire (CHU) Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France"},{"name":"French National Registry of Childhood Solid Tumours, CHU de Nancy, Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Jouannet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Weill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology of Health Products, French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, French National Health Insurance, Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Zureik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPI-PHARE Scientific Interest Group in Epidemiology 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