{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:41:56Z","timestamp":1794004916119,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexual dysfunction is a common adverse effect of prostate cancer treatment, and current management strategies do not adequately address physical and psychological causes. Exercise is a potential therapy in the management of sexual dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of supervised, clinic-based, resistance and aerobic exercise with and without a brief psychosexual education and self-management intervention (PESM) on sexual function in men with prostate cancer compared with usual care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3-arm, parallel-group, single-center randomized clinical trial was undertaken at university-affiliated exercise clinics between July 24, 2014, and August 22, 2019. Eligible participants were men with prostate cancer who had previously undergone or were currently undergoing treatment and were concerned about sexual dysfunction. Data analysis was undertaken October 8 to December 23, 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were randomized to (1) 6 months of supervised, group-based resistance and aerobic exercise (n\u2009=\u200939 [34.8%]), (2) the same exercise program plus PESM (n\u2009=\u200936 [32.1%]), or (3) usual care (n\u2009=\u200937 [33.0%]). Exercise was to be undertaken 3 days per week.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome was sexual function assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Secondary outcomes included body composition, physical function, and muscle strength. Analyses were undertaken using an intention-to-treat approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 112 participants (mean [SD] age, 66.3 [7.1] years) were randomized. Mean adjusted difference in IIEF score at 6 months favored exercise compared with usual care (3.5; 95% CI, 0.3-6.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04). The mean adjusted difference for intercourse satisfaction was not significant (1.7; 95% CI, 0.1-3.2; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.05). PESM did not result in additional improvements. Compared with usual care, exercise also significantly improved fat mass (mean adjusted difference, \u22120.9 kg; 95% CI, \u22121.8 to \u22120.1 kg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02), chair rise performance (mean adjusted difference, \u22121.8 seconds; 95% CI, \u22123.2 to \u22120.5 seconds; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002), and upper (mean adjusted difference, 9.4 kg; 95% CI, 6.9-11.9 kg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) and lower (mean adjusted difference, 17.9 kg; 95% CI, 7.6-28.2 kg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) body muscle strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this randomized clinical trial of supervised exercise, erectile function in patients with prostate cancer was improved. PESM resulted in no additional improvements. Patients with prostate cancer should be offered exercise following treatment as a potential rehabilitation measure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ANZCTR Identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=365201\">ACTRN12613001179729<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.0413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T15:01:01Z","timestamp":1741791661000},"page":"e250413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exercise and Psychosexual Education to Improve Sexual Function in Men With Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert U.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis R.","family":"Taaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prue","family":"Cormie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Spry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Genesis Care, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dickon","family":"Hayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne K.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"30","key":"zoi250038r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.41.8509","article-title":"Sexuality and intimacy after definitive treatment and subsequent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.","volume":"30","author":"Higano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"zoi250038r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.03005.x","article-title":"Sexual rehabilitation and cancer survivorship: a state of art review of current literature and management strategies in male sexual dysfunction among prostate cancer survivors.","volume":"10","author":"Chung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250038r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209978","article-title":"Long-term functional outcomes after treatment for localized prostate cancer.","volume":"368","author":"Resnick","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250038r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2009.126","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction following prostatectomy: prevention and treatment.","volume":"6","author":"Magheli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250038r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30780-0","article-title":"Quality of life in men living with advanced and localised prostate cancer in the UK: a population-based study.","volume":"20","author":"Downing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250038r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.23.2488","article-title":"Combined resistance and aerobic exercise program reverses muscle loss in men undergoing androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer without bone metastases: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"28","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250038r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-021-00327-2","article-title":"Psychological distress in men with prostate cancer undertaking androgen deprivation therapy: modifying effects of exercise from a year-long randomized controlled trial.","volume":"24","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250038r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.206","article-title":"Exercise therapy for sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer.","volume":"10","author":"Cormie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250038r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-021-00406-4","article-title":"Exercise medicine in men with prostate cancer: breaking barriers to increase participation.","volume":"24","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250038r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2012.52","article-title":"Exercise maintains sexual activity in men undergoing androgen suppression for prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"16","author":"Cormie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi250038r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.4431","article-title":"New Challenges in Psycho-Oncology Research III: A systematic review of psychological interventions for prostate cancer survivors and their partners: clinical and research implications.","volume":"26","author":"Chambers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250038r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00238-0","article-title":"The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction.","volume":"49","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250038r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00858-X","article-title":"Development and validation of the expanded prostate cancer index composite (EPIC) for comprehensive assessment of health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer.","volume":"56","author":"Wei","year":"2000","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"16","key":"zoi250038r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.07.030","article-title":"An international field study of the EORTC QLQ-PR25: a questionnaire for assessing the health-related quality of life of patients with prostate cancer.","volume":"44","author":"van Andel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250038r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-199","article-title":"Improving sexual health in men with prostate cancer: randomised controlled trial of exercise and psychosexual therapies.","volume":"14","author":"Cormie","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250038r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(02)00032-0","article-title":"Self-management approaches for people with chronic conditions: a review.","volume":"48","author":"Barlow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250038r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07539.x","article-title":"Changes in muscle, fat and bone mass after 36 weeks of maximal androgen blockade for prostate cancer.","volume":"102","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250038r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000233803.48691.8b","article-title":"Resistance training and reduction of treatment side effects in prostate cancer patients.","volume":"38","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250038r21","first-page":"141","article-title":"A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community.","volume":"10","author":"Godin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can J Appl Sport Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250038r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2557","article-title":"Prostate cancer survivorship care guideline: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline endorsement.","volume":"33","author":"Resnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250038r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21579","article-title":"Exercise is medicine in oncology: engaging clinicians to help patients move through cancer.","volume":"69","author":"Schmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250038r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2012.52","article-title":"Exercise maintains sexual activity in men undergoing androgen suppression for prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"16","author":"Cormie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250038r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.11.029","article-title":"Physical activity and sexual functioning after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: beneficial effects for patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy.","volume":"65","author":"Dahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250038r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-013-0329-z","article-title":"The effect of meeting physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors on quality of life following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.","volume":"8","author":"Santa Mina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250038r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-015-0426-2","article-title":"Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health-related quality of life in prostate cancer survivors in the health professionals follow-up study.","volume":"9","author":"Phillips","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250038r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.07.053","article-title":"Minimal clinically important differences in the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function scale.","volume":"60","author":"Rosen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250038r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.03.043","article-title":"Effect of Eischens yoga during radiation therapy on prostate cancer patient symptoms and quality of life: a randomized phase II trial.","volume":"98","author":"Ben-Josef","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250038r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdad130","article-title":"Effect of aerobic exercise on erectile function: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"20","author":"Khera","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250038r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.11.009","article-title":"Effects of nonlinear aerobic training on erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular function following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer.","volume":"65","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250038r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002706","article-title":"Exercise intervention and sexual function in advanced prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial.","volume":"12","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"zoi250038r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15159","article-title":"Prostate cancer survivorship essentials framework: guidelines for practitioners.","volume":"128","author":"Dunn","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi250038r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34076","article-title":"TrueNTH Sexual Recovery Intervention for couples coping with prostate cancer: Randomized controlled trial results.","volume":"128","author":"Wittmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250038r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.05.013","article-title":"Acceptance and commitment therapy to increase adherence to penile injection therapy-based rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: pilot randomized controlled trial.","volume":"16","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250038r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.5019","article-title":"Five-year outcomes from a randomised controlled trial of a couples-based intervention for men with localised prostate cancer.","volume":"28","author":"Chambers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250038r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4963","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of resistance or aerobic exercise in men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer.","volume":"27","author":"Segal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250038r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4178-1","article-title":"Perceptions of masculinity and body image in men with prostate cancer: the role of exercise.","volume":"26","author":"Langelier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250038r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.4963","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of resistance or aerobic exercise in men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer.","volume":"27","author":"Segal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250038r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.02.019","article-title":"Effects of different exercise modalities on fatigue in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a year-long randomised controlled trial.","volume":"72","author":"Taaffe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250038r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.31.5226","article-title":"Physical activity and survival after prostate cancer diagnosis in the health professionals follow-up study.","volume":"29","author":"Kenfield","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250038r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3882","article-title":"Compliance to exercise-oncology guidelines in prostate cancer survivors and associations with psychological distress, unmet supportive care needs, and quality of life.","volume":"24","author":"Galv\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"zoi250038r16","volume-title":"Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions","author":"Bennett-Levy","year":"2010"},{"key":"zoi250038r18","volume-title":"Facing the Tiger: A Guide for Men with Prostate Cancer and the People Who Love Them","author":"Chambers","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2831323\/galvo_2025_oi_250038_1741195263.24882.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T15:01:05Z","timestamp":1741791665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2831323"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.0413","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]}}}