{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:22:04Z","timestamp":1791469324116,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Pediatric physical injuries have lasting effects on child mental and physical health and social outcomes. Little is known about social determinants that increase the odds of injury in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To examine the association between 14 social determinants of child health (SDoCH) and odds of pediatric injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>Population-based retrospective case-control study in Winnipeg, Canada. Cases (children aged \u226417 years admitted to the hospital from 2002 to 2019 with physical injuries) were linked to their mothers using a unique identifier and matched 1:5 on age, sex, and geographic region with uninjured controls from the general population. Data were analyzed from May 2023 to July 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Fourteen SDoCH measured as present or absent from birth to date of injury: low-income neighborhood; rural status; receipt of income assistance; justice system involvement; parent with less than a high school education; social housing; having an immigrant parent; high residential mobility; being born to a teen mother; having a child in protective care; child mental health diagnosis; maternal axis I or axis II mental disorder; and maternal physical disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Pediatric injury that required hospitalization. Analyses were conducted using conditional multivariate logistic regression modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The final groups included 9853 cases and 49\u202f442 controls for a total sample of 59\u202f295. For cases at time of injury, the mean (SD) age was 9.8 (5.2) years, 6358 (64.5%) were male, 4688 (47.6%) lived in a rural area, and 3639 (36.9%) were low income. There were no significant differences between cases and controls for demographics; however, there was a greater proportion than expected of both groups in the lowest quintile. In the final multivariable model, rural area (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.62; 95% CI, 4.62-9.47), having a child in protective care (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.31-1.55), being born to a teen mother (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.26-1.41), parent criminal justice system involvement (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.21-1.33), and receipt of income assistance (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.21) increased odds of pediatric traumatic injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this retrospective case-control study, several adverse SDoCH were associated with increased odds of pediatric injury. These findings can inform targeted injury risk reduction programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.13584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T15:00:22Z","timestamp":1749049222000},"page":"e2513584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Social Determinants of Health and Injury Among Children"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hunter","family":"Goodon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin P.","family":"Gawaziuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Comaskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracie O.","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ch\u00e2teau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marni","family":"Brownell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitender","family":"Sareen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarvesh","family":"Logsetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rae","family":"Spiwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250451r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s40719-023-00251-x","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors and pediatric injury.","volume":"9","author":"Trinidad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Trauma Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250451r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxz145","article-title":"Childhood unintentional injury: the impact of family income, education level, occupation status, and other measures of socioeconomic status. 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