{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:48:11Z","timestamp":1790153291917,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Persecutory delusions are common, distressing, and difficult to treat. Testing computational neuroscience models of delusions can identify new therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To determine whether change in delusion severity is associated with a corresponding change in volatility priors and brain activation estimated during a belief updating task.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 9, 2021, to December 5, 2023, within the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Psychiatric Hospital and at a community mental health center in Nashville, Tennessee. Participants were adults (aged between 18 and 65 years) with schizophrenia spectrum or delusional disorder and an active, persistent (\u22653 months) persecutory delusion with strong conviction (&amp;gt;50%). Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to either cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp)\u2013based intervention or befriending therapy. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed from June 1 to October 31, 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Intervention<\/jats:title>The CBTp was a manualized intervention targeting persecutory delusions. The befriending therapy involved engaging in conversations and activities focused on neutral topics. Both interventions were provided in person, lasted for 8 weeks, and included standard care. Standard care consisted of medication management and ancillary services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Primary outcomes were volatility priors (ie, prior expectations of volatility) derived from a 3-option probabilistic reversal learning task; persecutory delusion severity measured by the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS delusion subscale; score range: 0-16, with the highest score indicating severe preoccupation, distress, conviction, and functioning impact); and brain activation in the striatum and prefrontal cortex measured by blood oxygenation level\u2013dependent signal change. Associations between volatility priors, clinical improvement, and change in neural activation were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Sixty-two participants (median [range] age, 31 [19-63] years; 38 males [61%]) were randomly assigned to the CBTp (n\u2009=\u200932) or befriending therapy (n\u2009=\u200930) arms. A subgroup of 35 participants (57%) completed functional magnetic resonance imaging. Volatility priors decreased following treatment (F<\/jats:italic>1,112<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20097.7 [P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006]; Cohen d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.52 [95% CI, 0.15-0.90]), as did delusion severity (F<\/jats:italic>1,112<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200959.7 [P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001]; Cohen d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.50 [95% CI, 1.00-1.90]), across both groups. The decrease in volatility priors was not associated with clinical improvement in PSYRATS scores (F<\/jats:italic>1,102.8<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.8 [P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.18]; Cohen d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.26 [95% CI, \u20130.12 to 0.65]). Activation in the caudate and prefrontal cortex significantly decreased following treatment. Decreased caudate activation was associated with decreased volatility priors (F<\/jats:italic>1,58.3<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200916.6 [P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001]; Cohen d<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.07 [95% CI, 0.51-1.61]) but not with PSYRATS total scores. Associations remained significant after controlling for antipsychotic medication (F<\/jats:italic>1,53<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200913.77; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>This randomized clinical trial found that elevated volatility priors and associated activation in the caudate nucleus were amenable to change. Volatility priors could be a potential target for intervention in psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04748679<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.17132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T15:00:39Z","timestamp":1750777239000},"page":"e2517132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prior Expectations of Volatility Following Psychotherapy for Delusions"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Julia M.","family":"Sheffield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali F.","family":"Sloan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Corlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baxter P.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Vandekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kendall M.","family":"Beals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Gautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gautier Behavioral Health, Chattanooga, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra B.","family":"Moussa-Tooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9nie J.","family":"Torregrossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Achee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristan","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil D.","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaylee","family":"Belt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Cooperative, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Isham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowan","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Brinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Heckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9859","key":"zoi250542r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61680-8","article-title":"Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury: disability weights measurement study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.","volume":"380","author":"Salomon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi250542r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0803-y","article-title":"Persecutory delusions and psychological well-being.","volume":"49","author":"Freeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250542r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.12","article-title":"The relationship between delusions and violence: findings from the East London first episode psychosis study.","volume":"70","author":"Coid","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250542r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e32836508e6","article-title":"The social and economic burden of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic literature review.","volume":"29","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.3.241","article-title":"Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.","volume":"56","author":"Robinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.03.011","article-title":"From computation to clinic.","volume":"3","author":"Yip","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.10.018","article-title":"Computational psychiatry.","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250542r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70298-6","article-title":"Computational psychiatry: a Rosetta Stone linking the brain to mental illness.","volume":"1","author":"Corlett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250542r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2040","article-title":"Consistency of delusion themes across first and subsequent episodes of psychosis.","volume":"81","author":"Grunfeld","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250542r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004467","article-title":"Interventionist causal models in psychiatry: repositioning the mind-body problem.","volume":"39","author":"Kendler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"zoi250542r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.12.003","article-title":"\u2018Twisting the lion\u2019s tail\u2019: manipulationist tests of causation for psychological mechanisms in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations.","volume":"68","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"zoi250542r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105087","article-title":"Belief updating in psychosis, depression and anxiety disorders: a systematic review across computational modelling approaches.","volume":"147","author":"Gibbs-Dean","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250542r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0180-y","article-title":"Adaptive learning under expected and unexpected uncertainty.","volume":"20","author":"Soltani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi250542r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.03.013","article-title":"Belief updating and paranoia in individuals with schizophrenia.","volume":"7","author":"Sheffield","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"zoi250542r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56345","article-title":"Paranoia as a deficit in non-social belief updating.","volume":"9","author":"Reed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250542r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01176-8","article-title":"Paranoia and belief updating during the COVID-19 crisis.","volume":"5","author":"Suthaharan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250542r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36526-1","article-title":"Relationships between cognitive biases, decision-making, and delusions.","volume":"13","author":"Sheffield","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae057","article-title":"Belief updating, childhood maltreatment, and paranoia in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.","volume":"51","author":"Sloan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"14","key":"zoi250542r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000296554","article-title":"Delusional atmosphere.","volume":"159","author":"Berner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry Suppl"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250542r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1353\/ppp.0.0202","article-title":"Delusions, certainty, and the background.","volume":"15","author":"Rhodes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philos Psychiatry Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250542r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.05.015","article-title":"The predictive coding account of psychosis.","volume":"84","author":"Sterzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"zoi250542r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.01.023","article-title":"Rethinking delusions: a selective review of delusion research through a computational lens.","volume":"245","author":"Ashinoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250542r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2536","article-title":"Perceiving is believing: a bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.","volume":"10","author":"Fletcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"zoi250542r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00085","article-title":"Different varieties of uncertainty in human decision-making.","volume":"6","author":"Bland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250542r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03992-5","article-title":"Knowledge acquisition is governed by striatal prediction errors.","volume":"9","author":"Pine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi250542r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01264-3","article-title":"Meta-analysis of human prediction error for incentives, perception, cognition, and action.","volume":"47","author":"Corlett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.06.033","article-title":"Volatility facilitates value updating in the prefrontal cortex.","volume":"99","author":"Massi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250542r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.10.007","article-title":"Volatility estimates increase choice switching and relate to prefrontal activity in schizophrenia.","volume":"5","author":"Deserno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"zoi250542r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102239","article-title":"Atypical processing of uncertainty in individuals at risk for psychosis.","volume":"26","author":"Cole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.12.004","article-title":"Schizophrenia, dopamine and the striatum: from biology to symptoms.","volume":"42","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi250542r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0220-7","article-title":"Believing in dopamine.","volume":"20","author":"Gershman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"49","key":"zoi250542r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17772","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3793-11.2011","article-title":"Encoding of both positive and negative reward prediction errors by neurons of the primate lateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus.","volume":"31","author":"Asaad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250542r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6","article-title":"Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire.","volume":"28","author":"Meyer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250542r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00039-5","article-title":"Effects of cognitive behaviour therapy for worry on persecutory delusions in patients with psychosis (WIT): a parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with a mediation analysis.","volume":"2","author":"Freeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"zoi250542r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2011.00039","article-title":"A bayesian foundation for individual learning under uncertainty.","volume":"5","author":"Mathys","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"zoi250542r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00825","article-title":"Uncertainty in perception and the hierarchical Gaussian filter.","volume":"8","author":"Mathys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250542r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs397","article-title":"Connectivity-based functional analysis of dopamine release in the striatum using diffusion-weighted MRI and positron emission tomography.","volume":"24","author":"Tziortzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"zoi250542r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.03.029","article-title":"Fast and accurate modelling of longitudinal and repeated measures neuroimaging data.","volume":"94","author":"Guillaume","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250542r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008661","article-title":"Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS).","volume":"29","author":"Haddock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250542r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250542r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010034","article-title":"Dose-response meta-analysis of antipsychotic drugs for acute schizophrenia.","volume":"177","author":"Leucht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"43","key":"zoi250542r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10167","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809298115","article-title":"Dopaminergic basis for signaling belief updates, but not surprise, and the link to paranoia.","volume":"115","author":"Nour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250542r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schizbullopen\/sgac074","article-title":"Belief updating in subclinical and clinical delusions.","volume":"4","author":"Fromm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull Open"},{"issue":"44","key":"zoi250542r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9471","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3163-17.2018","article-title":"Attractor-like dynamics in belief updating in schizophrenia.","volume":"38","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250542r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz051","article-title":"A distinct inferential mechanism for delusions in schizophrenia.","volume":"142","author":"Baker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250542r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae122","article-title":"Different learning aberrations relate to delusion-like beliefs with different contents.","volume":"147","author":"Rossi-Goldthorpe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi250542r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00066-3","article-title":"Persecutory delusions: a cognitive perspective on understanding and treatment.","volume":"3","author":"Freeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250542r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2024.100333","article-title":"Understanding cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis through the Predictive Coding Framework.","volume":"4","author":"Sheffield","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4238","article-title":"Computational psychiatry as a bridge from neuroscience to clinical applications.","volume":"19","author":"Huys","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"pt 8","key":"zoi250542r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr154","article-title":"Neural changes following cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: a longitudinal study.","volume":"134","author":"Kumari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250542r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01705-4","article-title":"Explaining dopamine through prediction errors and beyond.","volume":"27","author":"Gershman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250542r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.10","article-title":"Increased synaptic dopamine function in associative regions of the striatum in schizophrenia.","volume":"67","author":"Kegeles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250542r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44358-w","article-title":"Dopamine release in human associative striatum during reversal learning.","volume":"15","author":"Grill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250542r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.13","article-title":"Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia.","volume":"160","author":"Kapur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"zoi250542r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.05.074","article-title":"Decision-making in schizophrenia: a predictive-coding perspective.","volume":"190","author":"Sterzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250542r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.1734","article-title":"Antipsychotic treatment and functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode schizophrenia.","volume":"72","author":"Sarpal","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250542r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.003","article-title":"The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia.","volume":"64","author":"Andreasen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250542r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4534","article-title":"Mapping lesions that cause psychosis to a human brain circuit and proposed stimulation target.","volume":"82","author":"Pines","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6351","key":"zoi250542r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3458","article-title":"Pavlovian conditioning-induced hallucinations result from overweighting of perceptual priors.","volume":"357","author":"Powers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250542r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-014-0262-3","article-title":"Control condition design and implementation features in controlled trials: a meta-analysis of trials evaluating psychotherapy for depression.","volume":"4","author":"Mohr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250542r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/15346501231190920","article-title":"Disentangling the consequences of systemic racism and clinical paranoia to promote effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for persecutory delusions in minoritized individuals: a case-example.","volume":"23","author":"Moussa-Tooks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Case Stud"},{"key":"zoi250542r19","volume-title":"The Paranoid Style in American Politics","author":"Hofstadter","year":"2012"},{"key":"zoi250542r37","volume-title":"Befriending Manual","author":"Bendall","year":"2003"},{"key":"zoi250542r35","unstructured":"Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). APA PsycTests. 2001. Accessed April 28, 2025. https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ft15180-000"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2835518\/sheffield_2025_oi_250542_1749749046.73041.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T15:00:41Z","timestamp":1750777241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2835518"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.17132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]}}}