{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:43:56Z","timestamp":1789087436106,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Recent evidence has shown that elevated temperatures are associated with a higher risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), a serious violation of human rights. However, it remains unclear whether drought also heightens the risk and whether drought and extreme heat jointly affect IPV.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the interactive association between drought, extreme heat, and IPV in 42 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study included women answering multicluster surveys in sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean between 2003 and 2020. The analysis was conducted from January to July 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Drought was measured by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index at a timescale of 1, 3, 6, or 12 months. Extreme heat days were defined as days with maximum temperature above the 90th, 92.5th, 95th, or 97.5th percentile of the cluster-specific distribution. The respective numbers of extreme heat days and drought months were calculated to evaluate the interaction between drought and extreme heat.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n IPV against women experienced in the past 12 months before the survey, including emotional, physical, and sexual violence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among a total of 494\u202f471 women (mean [SD] age, 32.1 [8.5] years) surveyed, the prevalence for any, emotional, physical, and sexual IPV was 28.3% (139\u202f901 women), 16.8% (83\u202f100 women), 19.5% (96\u202f531 women), and 7.4% (36\u202f804 women), respectively. Overall drought exposures at all timescales were associated with increased IPV risk, with the largest effect size at the 12-month scale (relative risk [RR], 1.07 [95% CI, 1.06-1.09]), where mild (RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06-1.09]) and severe (RR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.04-1.08]) drought were also associated with any IPV. When stratifying violence IPV by type, the largest effect sizes were observed for overall drought with emotional violence at the 1-month scale and with physical violence at the 12-month scale. When estimating relative excess risk due to interaction in 2 ways, there was a negative and significant interaction between drought and extreme heat, defined using the threshold of the 97.5th percentile of the distribution.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cross-sectional study of 42 LMICs, drought conditions with various durations were associated with increased IPV risk. Given the increasing extreme events under climate change, there is a pressing need for enhanced initiatives to prevent domestic violence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.27818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T15:00:27Z","timestamp":1755702027000},"page":"e2527818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Drought, Extreme Heat, and Intimate Partner Violence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, 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