{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:48:36Z","timestamp":1792889316698,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>In 2023, the US reported 10 locally acquired mosquito-transmitted malaria cases of 4 genetic lineages in 4 states, the first such outbreaks detected in 20 years and the largest in 35 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To present the investigations, interventions, and challenges in the public health response to the malaria outbreaks and provide recommendations for future outbreaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This qualitative study was an interdisciplinary public health response to the locally acquired malaria outbreaks in May to December 2023 and included case investigations, enhanced case finding, polymerase chain reaction analysis of captured Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp mosquitoes for Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp parasites, and novel targeted amplicon sequencing of Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp in patient blood samples. Public health interventions included incident command activation, clinician outreach, community awareness, and vector control. Patient data were acquired through public health surveillance as part of National Notifiable Disease Surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposure<\/jats:title>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected and Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp mosquitoes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Confirmed malaria infection via blood film microscopy and polymerase chain reaction, presence of Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp in Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp mosquitoes, and genetic markers associated with an endemic region of origin and parasite strain relatedness via targeted amplicon sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The study included 10 patients (mean [SD] age of 39.5 [15.0] years; 7 male [70%]) from Florida, Texas, Maryland, and Arkansas with locally acquired mosquito-transmitted malaria and 783 Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp mosquitoes across 4 states. No patient had a recent history of international travel or blood-borne exposures. Outbreak cases had epidemiologic links within but not across state lines. P vivax<\/jats:italic> was detected in 3 Anopheles crucians<\/jats:italic> in Florida. Sequencing data showed that all Florida P vivax<\/jats:italic> cases shared the same Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> strain. The Texas and Arkansas P vivax<\/jats:italic> cases were genetically distinct from each other and from Florida\u2019s cases. All 9 P vivax<\/jats:italic> strains had genetic signatures that were consistent with Central and South American origin. Maryland\u2019s P falciparum<\/jats:italic> parasites were consistent with African origin. The outbreaks were contained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this qualitative study of locally transmitted malaria, outbreaks remained contained to individual counties, with Florida\u2019s P vivax<\/jats:italic> cases linked to a single strain distinct from those in other states. Sustained Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp transmission is unlikely in the US, though increases in global travel and migration, population, temperatures, and persistence of Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp vectors may increase risk for locally acquired malaria. Clinicians should prescribe chemoprophylaxis for patients traveling to endemic regions, ensure timely diagnosis and treatment, and facilitate public health reporting. Researching US Anopheles<\/jats:italic> spp ecology and control methods while accelerating efforts to reduce malaria globally could mitigate future risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.35719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T15:00:41Z","timestamp":1759762841000},"page":"e2535719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Public Health Response to the First Locally Acquired Malaria Outbreaks in the US in 20 Years"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Timothy N.","family":"DeVita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Drennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Department of Health in Sarasota County, Sarasota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sarney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Department of Health in Sarasota County, Sarasota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wade","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarasota County Mosquito Management, Sarasota, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Tomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Florida Department of Health, Jacksonville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Blackmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Disease Control and Health Protection, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Broussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonosis Control Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Duwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease and Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Bureau, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Blythe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease and Epidemiology and Outbreak Response Bureau, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rothfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Dulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock"},{"name":"Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Division of State and Local Readiness, Office of Readiness and Response, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Blount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savanna","family":"Ledford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Wallender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel L. N.","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Raphael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey E.","family":"Lenhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison D.","family":"Ridpath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly E.","family":"Mace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seymour G.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica E.","family":"Parise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"McElroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250997r3","article-title":"Housing interventions for preventing malaria.","author":"Furnival-Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250997r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-020-00224-z","article-title":"Malaria in the USA: how vulnerable are we to future outbreaks?","volume":"8","author":"Dye-Braumuller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"issue":"14","key":"zoi250997r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7255","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147255","article-title":"A systematic review of the effects of temperature on Anopheles mosquito development and survival: implications for malaria control in a future warmer climate.","volume":"18","author":"Agyekum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"38","key":"zoi250997r8","first-page":"908","article-title":"Local transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria\u2013Palm Beach County, Florida, 2003.","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"19","key":"zoi250997r9","first-page":"412","article-title":"Multifocal autochthonous transmission of malaria\u2013Florida, 2003.","volume":"53","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250997r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2183","article-title":"Clinical review: severe malaria.","volume":"7","author":"Trampuz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"36","key":"zoi250997r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7236a1","article-title":"Outbreak of locally acquired mosquito-transmitted (autochthonous) malaria - Florida and Texas, May-July 2023.","volume":"72","author":"Blackburn","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"41","key":"zoi250997r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7241a3","article-title":"Notes from the field: locally acquired mosquito-transmitted (autochthonous) Plasmodium falciparum malaria - National Capital Region, Maryland, August 2023.","volume":"72","author":"Duwell","year":"2023","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"42","key":"zoi250997r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7342a2","article-title":"Locally acquired (autochthonous) mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium vivax malaria - Saline County, Arkansas, September 2023.","volume":"73","author":"Courtney","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"zoi250997r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2025.101159","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax linked to autochthonous malaria transmission in the US (2023) using Illumina AmpliSeq technology: a genetic epidemiology study.","volume":"48","author":"Barratt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250997r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01203-24","article-title":"Geo-classification of drug-resistant travel-associated Plasmodium falciparum using Pfs47 and Pfcpmp gene sequences (USA, 2018-2021).","volume":"68","author":"Pierre-Louis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250997r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03910-z","article-title":"Adaptation of ELISA detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite proteins in mosquitoes to a multiplex bead-based immunoassay.","volume":"20","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250997r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.1449","article-title":"Association of impaired cytochrome P450 2D6 activity genotype and phenotype with therapeutic efficacy of primaquine treatment for latent Plasmodium vivax malaria.","volume":"1","author":"Baird","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250997r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2922-8","article-title":"Is that a real oocyst? insectary establishment and identification of Plasmodium falciparum oocysts in midguts of Anopheles mosquitoes fed on infected human blood in Tororo, Uganda.","volume":"18","author":"Musiime","year":"2019","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250997r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.02.004","article-title":"Malaria parasite colonisation of the mosquito midgut\u2013placing the Plasmodium ookinete centre stage.","volume":"42","author":"Angrisano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250997r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjae024","article-title":"Characterizing the seasonal abundance and reproductive activity of overwintering Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes.","volume":"61","author":"Dehus","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250997r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010514","article-title":"Detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models.","volume":"16","author":"Mordecai","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"34","key":"zoi250997r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15135","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006422107","article-title":"Influence of climate on malaria transmission depends on daily temperature variation.","volume":"107","author":"Paaijmans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250997r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003489","article-title":"Quantifying the effects of temperature on mosquito and parasite traits that determine the transmission potential of human malaria.","volume":"15","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250997r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1086\/605436","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of rapid diagnostic tests versus blood smears for malaria in US clinical practice.","volume":"49","author":"Stauffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250997r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00035-07","article-title":"Update on rapid diagnostic testing for malaria.","volume":"21","author":"Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250997r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00461-18","article-title":"Malaria diagnostic practices in U.S. laboratories in 2017.","volume":"56","author":"Prestel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"zoi250997r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/9789287076717","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"zoi250997r28","first-page":"615","volume-title":"Medical Genetics Summaries. National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)","author":"Kane","year":"2024"},{"key":"zoi250997r33","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2023","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"zoi250997r2","unstructured":"Malaria: key facts. World Health Organization. December 11, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/malaria"},{"key":"zoi250997r4","unstructured":"Elimination of malaria in the United States (1947 \u2014 1951). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 23, 2018. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/100616"},{"key":"zoi250997r6","unstructured":"Data and statistics on malaria in the United States 2019\u20132022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. December 3, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/malaria\/php\/surveillance-report\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r16","unstructured":"What is case surveillance? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). Updated September 6, 2022. Accessed June 26, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nndss\/what-is-case-surveillance\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r17","unstructured":"Port Health Stations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 15, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/port-health\/stations\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r18","unstructured":"Mosquito control: mosquito trap and surveillance tools guide. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mosquitoes\/pdfs\/MosquitoTrapGuide-508.pdf"},{"key":"zoi250997r20","unstructured":"Locally acquired malaria cases identified in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emergency Preparedness and Response. June 26, 2023. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/han\/2023\/han00494.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r21","unstructured":"Ridpath A, Wallender E, Rowh A. Review of malaria diagnosis and treatment in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 20, 2023. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/131230"},{"key":"zoi250997r22","unstructured":"Laboratory Outreach Communication System (LOCS). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 26, 2023. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/locs\/php\/calls\/2023\/2023-07.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r23","unstructured":"Get up to speed on malaria diagnostics: are you ready? Association of Public Health Laboratories. August 15, 2023. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/collaborate.aphl.org\/events\/event-description?CalendarEventKey=c1931cf2-8177-451d-b584-01899fcecd58"},{"key":"zoi250997r24","unstructured":"The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated August 8, 2024. Accessed June 26, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/field-epi-manual\/php\/about\/index.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/eis\/field-epi-manual\/chapters\/Emergency-Operations-Centers.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r25","unstructured":"MalariaGEN Genomic Epidemiology Network. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.malariagen.net"},{"key":"zoi250997r26","unstructured":"Treatment of severe malaria. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 27, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/malaria\/hcp\/clinical-guidance\/treatment-of-severe-malaria.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r31","unstructured":"Anopheles gambiae s.l.: morphology, life-cycle, ecology. Target Malaria. August 2020. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/targetmalaria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Ecology_FS_EN_Anopheles-gambiae-s.l.-morphology_August20.pdf"},{"key":"zoi250997r37","unstructured":"Global Climate Report 2023. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Centers for Environmental Information. January 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.ncei.noaa.gov\/access\/monitoring\/monthly-report\/global\/202313"},{"key":"zoi250997r38","unstructured":"WMO confirms that 2023 smashes global temperature record. World Meteorological Association. January 12, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/wmo.int\/news\/media-centre\/wmo-confirms-2023-smashes-global-temperature-record"},{"key":"zoi250997r39","unstructured":"National Climate Report Annual 2023. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Centers for Environmental Information. January 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.ncei.noaa.gov\/access\/monitoring\/monthly-report\/national\/202313#national-overview"},{"key":"zoi250997r40","unstructured":"NNDSS weekly and annual tables. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 27, 2025. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nndss\/infectious-disease\/weekly-and-annual-disease-data-tables.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r44","unstructured":"Mosquito control and surveillance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 4, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mosquitoes\/php\/toolkit\/integrated-mosquito-management-1.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r45","unstructured":"Integrated mosquito management. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 20, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mosquitoes\/pdfs\/mosquito-control-508.pdf"},{"key":"zoi250997r46","unstructured":"Best practices for integrated mosquito management. American Mosquito Control Association. November 2021. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.mosquito.org\/assets\/pdf\/hr_november_2021_amca_bmp_ma\/"},{"key":"zoi250997r47","unstructured":"ArboNET. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 20, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mosquitoes\/php\/arbonet\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r48","unstructured":"Surveillance and control of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mosquitoes\/pdfs\/mosquito-control-508.pdf"},{"key":"zoi250997r49","unstructured":"2026 CDC Yellow Book. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2025. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/travel\/page\/yellowbook-home"},{"key":"zoi250997r50","unstructured":"CDC & malaria. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated June 13, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/malaria\/cdc-malaria\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi250997r51","unstructured":"How to report a case of malaria. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated June 5, 2024. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/malaria\/php\/case-reporting\/index.html"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2839653\/devita_2025_oi_250997_1759163696.82926.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T15:00:49Z","timestamp":1759762849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2839653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.35719","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]}}}