{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:18:01Z","timestamp":1792271881245,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Outpatient follow-up after discharge has been associated with reduced 30-day readmissions. Since universal follow-up is not feasible, identifying for whom and when outpatient follow-up is most beneficial is essential for optimizing resources and reducing readmissions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To quantify the association between outpatient follow-up within 30, 14, and 7 days postdischarge and 30-day all-cause readmissions and assess differences in outcomes by disease, age, and baseline readmission risk.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and CINAHL were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and August 4, 2025, using terms related to outpatient follow-up and readmissions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Selection<\/jats:title>\n English-language studies assessing the association between outpatient follow-up within 30 days of hospital discharge and 30-day all-cause readmissions among adult inpatients were included.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Data Extraction and Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 2 reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Data were extracted by 1 author and verified by another, and quality assessment was done independently by 2 authors.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day readmission. Secondary outcomes included all-cause 30-day emergency department (ED) discharge and mortality. Pooled effect sizes (relative risk ratios [RRRs]) were estimated by disease and age group using multilevel random-effects models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Eighty-three studies were included in the review and 76 in the meta-analysis. Outpatient follow-up within 30 days vs no follow-up was associated with a reduction in risk of 30-day all-cause readmission (RRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.60-0.75), with less reduction (RRR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89) when restricted to studies with low to moderate risk of bias (ROB). Among patients with heart failure (HF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the RRRs for 30-day follow-up in studies with low to moderate ROB were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.48-0.83) and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32-0.80), respectively. Subgroup analysis using studies with low to moderate ROB showed benefits of 30-day follow-up only among patients aged 65 years or older with HF (RRR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.83), AMI (RRR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32-0.80), and other diseases such as stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RRR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59-0.87). Early follow-up vs no follow-up within 14 and 7 days was associated with a significant reduction in readmissions only among patients aged 65 years or older with HF (14 days: RRR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.40-0.87]; 7 days: RRR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.47-0.89]) and AMI (14 days: RRR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.22-0.91]; 7 days: RRR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.34-0.92]).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this systematic review and meta-analysis, outpatient follow-up within 30 days was associated with reduced 30-day readmissions, but the association varied by patient age and disease type, indicating a need for targeted rather than universal follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.41272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:00:58Z","timestamp":1762272058000},"page":"e2541272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Outpatient Follow-Up and 30-Day 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