{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:09:08Z","timestamp":1786975748873,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi250213-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Housing instability may worsen control of type 2 diabetes outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi250213-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the association between stable vs unstable housing and type 2 diabetes outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi250213-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study analyzed electronic health record data of adults with type 2 diabetes from US community-based health centers from June 2016 to April 2023. Targeted minimum loss estimation was used to examine the association between having vs not having housing instability and subsequent type 2 diabetes outcomes, adjusting for age, date of housing instability assessment, sex, race and ethnicity (social constructs that may indicate the experience of racism), language, comorbidities, health insurance, income, and census-tract level social vulnerability index. Analyses were conducted from July 2023 to September 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi250213-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Report of housing stability or instability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi250213-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean hemoglobin A\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      (HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) level was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The primary time point was 12 months after initial assessment, with secondary time points at 6, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi250213-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 90\u202f233 individuals were included (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [13.7] years; 50\u202f772 female [56.3%]; 25\u202f602 Black [28.4%], 27\u202f277 Hispanic [31.4%], 51\u202f720 White [57.3%]); 28\u202f784 individuals (31.9%) had a primary language other than English, and 15\u202f713 (17.4%) reported housing instability. Prior to first housing instability assessment, mean (SD) HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      was 7.64% (1.94%), mean (SD) SBP was 130.0 (13.5) mm Hg, mean (SD) DBP was 78.2 (7.8) mm Hg, and mean (SD) LDL cholesterol was 101.1 (35.2) mg\/dL. We estimated had all individuals experienced stable housing, compared with unstable housing, mean HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      would have been 0.12% lower (95% CI, \u22120.16% to \u22120.07%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001), SBP would have been 0.77 mm Hg lower (95% CI, \u22121.14 mm Hg to \u22120.39 mm Hg;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001), and DBP 0.27 mm Hg lower (95% CI, \u22120.49 mm Hg to \u22120.06 mm Hg;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.01), but LDL cholesterol would not have been lower (estimated difference, \u22121.46 mg\/dL, 95% CI, \u22122.96 mg\/dL to 0.03 mg\/dL;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.05) at 12 months, with numerically similar results at other time points.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi250213-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cohort study, housing stability was associated with small differences in type 2 diabetes outcomes; combining housing stability interventions with other diabetes interventions may be needed to improve type 2 diabetes outcomes more substantially.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.4852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:00:41Z","timestamp":1744628441000},"page":"e254852","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Housing Instability and Type 2 Diabetes Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Berkowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aileen","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, OCHIN, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlena L.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenine","family":"Dankovchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, OCHIN, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna M.","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, OCHIN, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myklynn","family":"LaPoint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mufeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Product Development, Waymark Care, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Hudgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, OCHIN, Portland, Oregon"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"zoi250213r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19869","article-title":"Prevalence of housing problems among community health center patients.","volume":"319","author":"Baggett","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250213r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1812","article-title":"Unstable housing and diabetes-related emergency department visits and hospitalization: a nationally representative study of safety-net clinic patients.","volume":"41","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250213r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300139","article-title":"US housing insecurity and the health of very young children.","volume":"101","author":"Cutts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250213r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.01049","article-title":"Homelessness and health: factors, evidence, innovations that work, and policy recommendations.","volume":"43","author":"Garcia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250213r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.18043\/ncm.83.2.111","article-title":"North Carolina\u2019s Healthy Opportunities pilots focus attention on housing as a health care intervention.","volume":"83","author":"Dohler","year":"2022","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250213r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.9316","article-title":"Association of health-related social needs with quality and utilization outcomes in a Medicare Advantage population with diabetes.","volume":"6","author":"Ryan","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250213r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2011.0131","article-title":"The association between housing instability, food insecurity, and diabetes self-efficacy in low-income adults.","volume":"22","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250213r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07468-7","article-title":"Relationship between housing insecurity, diabetes processes of care, and self-care behaviors.","volume":"22","author":"Mosley-Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"197","key":"zoi250213r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.051","article-title":"\u201cThat wasn\u2019t really a place to worry about diabetes\u201d: housing access and diabetes self-management among low-income adults.","volume":"197","author":"Keene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250213r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15875-6","article-title":"Housing instability and cardiometabolic health in the United States: a narrative review of the literature.","volume":"23","author":"Gu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250213r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-0211","article-title":"The association of homelessness with rates of diabetes complications: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"46","author":"Sharan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250213r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.6888","article-title":"Material need insecurities, control of diabetes mellitus, and use of health care resources: results of the Measuring Economic Insecurity in Diabetes study.","volume":"175","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi250213r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01354-4","article-title":"Social determinants of poor management of type 2 diabetes among the insured.","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250213r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2020.0236","article-title":"Prevalence of unmet basic needs and association with diabetes control and care utilization among insured persons with diabetes.","volume":"24","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250213r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/21.144","article-title":"Address changes are associated with unmet glycemic targets: opportunities to improve processes and outcomes of care among people with type 2 diabetes.","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250213r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278650","article-title":"Relationship between food insecurity and housing instability on quality of care and quality of life in adults with diabetes.","volume":"17","author":"Mosley-Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250213r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.09.011","article-title":"Relationship between unstable housing, food insecurity, and vision status in the MI-SIGHT Community Eye Disease screening program.","volume":"131","author":"Johnson-Griggs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250213r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.03.011","article-title":"Cross-sectional associations: social risks and diabetes care quality, outcomes.","volume":"63","author":"Gold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"zoi250213r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.04.014","article-title":"Specifying a target trial prevents immortal time bias and other self-inflicted injuries in observational analyses.","volume":"79","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi250213r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21383","article-title":"Target trial emulation: a framework for causal inference from observational data.","volume":"328","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"zoi250213r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071108","article-title":"Target trial emulation: applying principles of randomised trials to observational studies.","volume":"378","author":"Matthews","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"zoi250213r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2024.101709","article-title":"Estimating the impact of addressing food needs on diabetes outcomes.","volume":"27","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250213r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.34425","article-title":"Comparison of a target trial emulation framework vs Cox regression to estimate the association of corticosteroids with COVID-19 mortality.","volume":"5","author":"Hoffman","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250213r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2017.04.170046","article-title":"Developing electronic health record (EHR) strategies related to health center patients\u2019 social determinants of health.","volume":"30","author":"Gold","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250213r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2275","article-title":"Adoption of social determinants of health EHR tools by community health centers.","volume":"16","author":"Gold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"zoi250213r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd13.160056","article-title":"The high prevalence of diabetes in a large cohort of patients drawn from safety net clinics.","volume":"13","author":"Nichols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250213r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu255","article-title":"Trends in diabetes incidence among 7 million insured adults, 2006-2011: the SUPREME-DM project.","volume":"181","author":"Nichols","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250213r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2023.680","article-title":"Area-level social determinants of health and individual-level social risks: assessing predictive ability and biases in social risk screening.","volume":"7","author":"Bensken","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250213r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000824","article-title":"Adaptation and validation of the combined comorbidity score for ICD-10-CM.","volume":"55","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"14","key":"zoi250213r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsm1605385","article-title":"Per-protocol analyses of pragmatic trials.","volume":"377","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"zoi250213r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15281","article-title":"Multiple imputation: a flexible tool for handling missing data.","volume":"314","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250213r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","article-title":"Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice.","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250213r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2202\/1557-4679.1211","article-title":"Targeted maximum likelihood based causal inference: Part I.","volume":"6","author":"van der Laan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biostat"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250213r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2202\/1557-4679.1241","article-title":"Targeted maximum likelihood based causal inference: Part II.","volume":"6","author":"van der Laan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biostat"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250213r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2202\/1544-6115.1309","article-title":"Super learner.","volume":"6","author":"van der Laan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250213r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/10775587231183192","article-title":"Permanent supportive housing receipt and health care use among adults with disabilities.","volume":"80","author":"Grove","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250213r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0375","article-title":"Effectiveness of multilevel and multidomain interventions to improve glycemic control in U.S. racial and ethnic minority populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"47","author":"Falk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"S3","key":"zoi250213r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306433","article-title":"Immigrant communities and COVID-19: strengthening the public health response.","volume":"111","author":"\u00d0o\u00e0n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250213r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/10901981211010676","article-title":"Structural racism and immigrant health in the United States.","volume":"48","author":"Misra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250213r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08590-w","article-title":"Intensity and variation of health navigator support: addressing medical and social needs of diabetes patients in East Oakland.","volume":"39","author":"Peek","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"zoi250213r39","volume-title":"Causal Inference: What If","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2020"},{"key":"zoi250213r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9782-1","volume-title":"Targeted Learning: Causal Inference for Observational and Experimental Data","author":"van der Laan","year":"2011"},{"key":"zoi250213r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119013563","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis with Missing Data","author":"Little","year":"2002","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"zoi250213r3","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Integrating social care into the delivery of health care: moving upstream to improve the nation\u2019s health. Published online 2019. Accessed September 25, 2024. https:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org\/catalog\/25467\/integrating-social-care-into-the-delivery-of-health-care-moving"},{"key":"zoi250213r4","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Permanent supportive housing: evaluating the evidence for improving health outcomes among people experiencing chronic homelessness. Published online July 11, 2018. Accessed March 12, 2021. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK519594\/"},{"key":"zoi250213r8","unstructured":"Taylor? LA. Housing and health: an overview of the literature. Health Affairs. June 7, 2018. Accessed July 3, 2020. https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hpb20180313.396577\/full\/"},{"key":"zoi250213r9","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Serivces Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2030\u2013housing instability. Accessed July 17, 2024. https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/priority-areas\/social-determinants-health\/literature-summaries\/housing-instability"},{"key":"zoi250213r33","unstructured":"National Association of Community Health Centers. PRAPARE resource site. Accessed August 20, 2019. http:\/\/www.nachc.org\/research-and-data\/prapare\/"},{"key":"zoi250213r34","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The Accountable Health Communities Health-Related Social Needs screening tool. Accessed September 28, 2019. https:\/\/innovation.cms.gov\/Files\/worksheets\/ahcm-screeningtool.pdf"},{"key":"zoi250213r35","unstructured":"Kaiser Permanente. Risk screening tools review. Accessed September 12, 2019. https:\/\/sdh-tools-review.kpwashingtonresearch.org\/"},{"key":"zoi250213r36","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. CDC\/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). February 23, 2024. Accessed March 28, 2024. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/placeandhealth\/svi\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi250213r45","unstructured":"Hoffman? KL, Salazar-Barreto? D, Rudolph? KE, D\u00edaz? I. Introducing longitudinal modified treatment policies: a unified framework for studying complex exposures.? arXiv. Preprint posted online April 21, 2023. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.2304.09460"},{"key":"zoi250213r47","unstructured":"van Buuren? S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn? K, Vink? G, . mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations. Published online June 5, 2023. Accessed March 8, 2024. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/mice\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi250213r48","unstructured":"Williams? N, D\u00edaz? I. lmtp: non-parametric causal effects of feasible interventions based on modified treatment policies. Published online May 21, 2022. Accessed September 6, 2022. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=lmtp"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2832751\/berkowitz_2025_oi_250213_1744121503.25933.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T11:00:47Z","timestamp":1744628447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2832751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.4852","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]}}}