{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:49:27Z","timestamp":1791139767030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) may improve social functioning and sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prior trials have been limited by small sample sizes, single-center designs, and often a lack of sham controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To examine the safety and efficacy of tPCS in improving social functioning and sleep disorders in children with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>This multicenter, double-blind, 2-armed, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial, conducted from May 1, 2022, through November 30, 2023, assessed children aged 3 to 14 years with ASD at 8 medical centers in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Interventions<\/jats:title>Participants underwent daily 20-minute sessions of active tPCS (0.7 mA) or sham tPCS (brief 0.7 mA ramp-up and ramp-down) for 20 sessions over 4 weeks with anode over the right cerebellar hemisphere and cathode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (12.56-cm2<\/jats:sup>-circular, 4-cm-diameter circular electrodes). Each day after tPCS, all participants received 1 hour of standard therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Social functioning was assessed using the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Autism Behavior Checklist and the Childhood Sleep Habits Questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>A total of 312 participants (155 in the active group and 157 in the sham group; 248 [79.5%] boys; mean [SD] age, 5.1 [1.6] years; 276 [88.5%] aged 3-6 years and 36 [11.5%] aged 7-14 years) completed the trial. After 20 sessions, the mean Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist total score improved by 4.13 points (5.8%) in the sham tPCS group and 7.17 points (10.7%) in the active tPCS group. Analysis of covariance showed significantly greater improvement in the active tPCS group (difference, \u22123.50; 95% CI, \u22125.56 to \u22121.43; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Both treatments were well tolerated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this randomized clinical trial of prefrontal-cerebellar tPCS in children aged 3 to 14 years with ASD, 20 sessions over 4 weeks improved social functioning and sleep. These findings suggest that tPCS may serve as a viable nonpharmacologic alternative for ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200059118<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.5776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T15:31:07Z","timestamp":1745249467000},"page":"e255776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation and Social Functioning in Children With Autism"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhenhuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Nanhai Maternity and Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"},{"name":"AscenZion Neuromodulation Co Pte Ltd, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger C. 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