{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:41:08Z","timestamp":1780530068378,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Post\u2013cancer therapy kidney outcomes, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension, are common in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The incidence and timing of CKD and hypertension in CCS compared with other at-risk or general populations are unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To determine the association of childhood cancer treatment with post\u2013cancer therapy CKD or hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>Population-based matched cohort study of children treated for cancer between April 1993 and March 2020 in Ontario, Canada, with follow-up until March 2021. The CCS (exposed) cohort included children (\u226418 years) surviving cancer. Comparator cohorts were a hospitalization cohort (children who were hospitalized) and a general pediatric population (GP) cohort (all other Ontario children). Exclusion criteria were history of previous cancer, organ transplant, CKD, dialysis, or hypertension. Matching with each of the 2 comparator cohorts was performed separately and in a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, rural vs urban status, income quintile, index year, and presence of previous hospitalization. Data were analyzed from March 2021 to August 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposure<\/jats:title>Treatment for cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>The primary outcome was the composite of CKD or hypertension, defined by administrative health care diagnosis and procedure codes. Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard modeling, accounting for competing risks (death and new cancer diagnosis or relapse) and adjusting for cardiac disease, liver disease, and diabetes, was used to determine the association of cancer treatment with outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There were 10\u202f182 CCS (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 7 [3-13] years; 5529 male [54.3%]; median [IQR] follow-up time, 8 [2-15] years) matched to 40\u202f728 hospitalization cohort patients (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 7 [2-12] years; 5529 male [weighted percentage, 54.3%]; median [IQR] follow-up time, 11 [6-18] years) and 8849 CCS (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 5 [2-11] years; 4825 male [54.5%]; median [IQR] follow-up time, 7 [2-14] years) matched to 35\u202f307 GP cohort individuals (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 6 [2-11] years; 4825 male [weighted percentage, 54.5%]; median [IQR] follow-up time, 10 [5-16] years). Most frequent cancer types were leukemia (2948 patients [29.0%]), central nervous system neoplasms (2123 patients [20.9%]), and lymphoma (1583 patients [15.5%]). During observation, cumulative incidence of CKD or hypertension was 20.85% (95% CI, 18.75%-23.02%) in the CCS cohort vs 16.47% (95% CI, 15.21%-17.77%) in the hospitalization cohort and 19.24% (95% CI, 15.99%-22.73%) in the CCS cohort vs 8.05% (95% CI, 6.76%-9.49%) in the GP cohort. CCS were at increased risk of CKD or hypertension compared with the hospitalization cohort (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.86-2.14; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and the GP cohort (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.71; 95% CI, 4.27-5.19; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this population-based study, CCS were at increased risk for CKD and hypertension, which are associated with mortality, suggesting that early detection and treatment of these conditions in CCS may decrease late complications and mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.8199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:31:26Z","timestamp":1747668686000},"page":"e258199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic Kidney Disease or Hypertension After Childhood Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Asaf","family":"Lebel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Ha\u2019Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Chanchlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vedran","family":"Cockovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Dart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam James","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, McMaster Children\u2019s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit X.","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivethika","family":"Jeyakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirby","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient Partner, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijat","family":"Kitchlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"McArthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rulan S.","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Pole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raveena","family":"Ramphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario-Ottawa Children\u2019s Treatment Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London Health Sciences Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Schechter-Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, St Michael\u2019s Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zappitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250300r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(22)00637-4","article-title":"Long-term survival and cure fraction estimates for childhood cancer in Europe (EUROCARE-6): results from a population-based study.","volume":"23","author":"Botta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250300r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13457","article-title":"Childhood cancer incidence and survival in Japan and England: a population-based study (1993-2010).","volume":"109","author":"Nakata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30434","article-title":"Childhood cancer survival in Switzerland (1976-2013): time-trends and predictors.","volume":"140","author":"Schindler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"10112","key":"zoi250300r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31610-0","article-title":"The cumulative burden of surviving childhood cancer: an initial report from the St Jude lifetime cohort study (SJLIFE).","volume":"390","author":"Bhakta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"zoi250300r5","article-title":"Childhood cancer: Survival, treatment modalities, late effects and improvements over time.","volume":"71","author":"Erdmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"zoi250300r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.05.006","article-title":"Long-term risk of renal and urinary tract diseases in childhood cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"64","author":"Bonnesen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250300r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020071002","article-title":"Childhood cancer and the risk of ESKD.","volume":"32","author":"Calderon-Margalit","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250300r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09980912","article-title":"Long-term nephrotoxicity in adult survivors of childhood cancer.","volume":"8","author":"Dekkers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250300r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0510","article-title":"Blood pressure status in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort study.","volume":"26","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250300r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020060849","article-title":"Kidney function after treatment for childhood cancer: a report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort study.","volume":"32","author":"Green","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2021.09.001","article-title":"Late kidney effects of childhood cancer and cancer therapies.","volume":"28","author":"Stotter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.05.029","article-title":"The Dutch childhood cancer survivor study (DCCSS)-LATER 2 kidney analysis examined long-term glomerular dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors.","volume":"102","author":"Kooijmans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250300r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03130312","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness in children with CKD: results from the CKiD study.","volume":"7","author":"Brady","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46653-3","article-title":"Impaired systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in children with chronic kidney disease - results from the 4C study.","volume":"9","author":"Doyon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2021.09.005","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors in chronic kidney disease in children.","volume":"41","author":"Mitsnefes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000020222.63035.C0","article-title":"Advanced coronary and carotid arteriopathy in young adults with childhood-onset chronic renal failure.","volume":"106","author":"Oh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01090216","article-title":"Cardiovascular phenotypes in children with CKD: the 4C study.","volume":"12","author":"Schaefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"25","key":"zoi250300r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.730366","article-title":"Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.","volume":"117","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250300r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.","volume":"140","author":"Flynn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250300r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001614","article-title":"Combined effects of child and adult elevated blood pressure on subclinical atherosclerosis: the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium.","volume":"128","author":"Juhola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00471.x","article-title":"Cardiac and vascular consequences of pre-hypertension in youth.","volume":"13","author":"Urbina","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"10022","key":"zoi250300r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8","article-title":"Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"387","author":"Ettehad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250300r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70102-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: a comparative risk assessment.","volume":"2","author":"Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9722","key":"zoi250300r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62004-3","article-title":"Early recognition and prevention of chronic kidney disease.","volume":"375","author":"James","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020081156","article-title":"BP in young adults with CKD and associations with cardiovascular events and decline in kidney function.","volume":"32","author":"Kula","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250300r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024735","article-title":"Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among survivors of childhood cancer.","volume":"11","author":"Chow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250300r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12754","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk among long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia\u2014from the St Jude lifetime cohort.","volume":"165","author":"Nottage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"15","key":"zoi250300r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa060185","article-title":"Chronic health conditions in adult survivors of childhood cancer.","volume":"355","author":"Oeffinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250300r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30800-9","article-title":"Late mortality and chronic health conditions in long-term survivors of early-adolescent and young adult cancers: a retrospective cohort analysis from the childhood cancer survivor study.","volume":"21","author":"Suh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi250300r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006070704","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease progression.","volume":"17","author":"Eddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-02006-z","article-title":"Treatments for chronic kidney disease: a systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"39","author":"Garcia Sanchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi250300r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.179568","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk pediatric patients: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science; the Councils on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Epidemiology and Prevention, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism, High Blood Pressure Research, Cardiovascular Nursing, and the Kidney in Heart Disease; and the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics.","volume":"114","author":"Kavey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250300r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.01.002","article-title":"Hypertension in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a nested case-control study.","volume":"46","author":"Cardous-Ubbink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"zoi250300r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2021.06.050","article-title":"Late-onset kidney failure in survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study.","volume":"155","author":"Dieffenbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"zoi250300r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.10.029","article-title":"Long-term kidney and cardiovascular complications in pediatric cancer survivors.","volume":"255","author":"Hsiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250300r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008944.pub3","article-title":"Early and late adverse renal effects after potentially nephrotoxic treatment for childhood cancer.","volume":"3","author":"Kooijmans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"zoi250300r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.05.038","article-title":"Hypertension in long-term childhood cancer survivors after treatment with potentially nephrotoxic therapy; DCCSS-LATER 2: renal study.","volume":"172","author":"Kooijmans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250300r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01926","article-title":"Development and validation of a prediction model for kidney failure in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250300r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305452","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of survivors of childhood cancer (SIGN clinical guideline 132).","volume":"99","author":"Gan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250300r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-024-3164-6","article-title":"The Children\u2019s Oncology Group long-term follow-up guidelines for survivors of childhood, adolescent and young adult cancers version 6.","volume":"61","author":"Prasad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250300r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0595-1","article-title":"Evaluation of administrative case definitions for chronic kidney disease in children.","volume":"87","author":"Dart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33401-x","article-title":"Evaluation of administrative case definitions for hypertension in Canadian children.","volume":"13","author":"Dart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"zoi250300r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-81","article-title":"Detecting chronic kidney disease in population-based administrative databases using an algorithm of hospital encounter and physician claim codes.","volume":"14","author":"Fleet","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"zoi250300r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358117703071","article-title":"Kidney disease among registered M\u00e9tis citizens of Ontario: a population-based cohort study.","author":"Hayward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Kidney Health Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250300r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.05.025","article-title":"Validity of health administrative database definitions for hypertension: a systematic review.","volume":"33","author":"Pace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250300r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.139279","article-title":"Validation of a case definition to define hypertension using administrative data.","volume":"54","author":"Quan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.08.031","article-title":"Validity of administrative database coding for kidney disease: a systematic review.","volume":"57","author":"Vlasschaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250300r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","article-title":"The reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely-collected health data (RECORD) statement.","volume":"12","author":"Benchimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250300r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040296","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"4","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi250300r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1543","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in children and adolescents with hypertension.","volume":"178","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi250300r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000445","article-title":"Long-term kidney outcomes after pediatric acute kidney injury.","volume":"35","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi250300r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020111665","article-title":"Long-term kidney outcomes following dialysis-treated childhood acute kidney injury: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"32","author":"Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250300r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq224","article-title":"Statistical criteria for selecting the optimal number of untreated subjects matched to each treated subject when using many-to-one matching on the propensity score.","volume":"172","author":"Austin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12072","article-title":"Using balance statistics to determine the optimal number of controls in matching studies.","volume":"19","author":"Linden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2018.02.010","article-title":"Development and validation of the pediatric medical complexity algorithm (PMCA) version 3.0.","volume":"18","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"4S","key":"zoi250300r59","first-page":"S117","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease.","volume":"105","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi250300r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574","article-title":"Using the standardized difference to compare the prevalence of a binary variable between two groups in observational research.","volume":"38","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250300r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09620911","article-title":"Renal dysfunction and elevated blood pressure in long-term childhood cancer survivors.","volume":"7","author":"Knijnenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi250300r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0036","article-title":"Glomerular function time trends in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a longitudinal study.","volume":"22","author":"Mulder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250300r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05731-x","article-title":"Risk factors for severe acute kidney injury after pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation.","volume":"38","author":"Bauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3639","article-title":"Epidemiologic characteristics of acute kidney injury during cisplatin infusions in children treated for cancer.","volume":"3","author":"McMahon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"zoi250300r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.12.023","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in pediatric cancer patients.","volume":"208","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi250300r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04678-1","article-title":"Acute kidney injury among hospitalized children with cancer.","volume":"36","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250300r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.29442","article-title":"Consensus-based recommendations on priority activities to address acute kidney injury in children: a modified Delphi consensus statement.","volume":"5","author":"Goldstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250300r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04828-5","article-title":"Quality improvement goals for pediatric acute kidney injury: pediatric applications of the 22nd Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference.","volume":"36","author":"Selewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi250300r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-06164-w","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in children: a report from the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) consensus conference.","volume":"39","author":"Sutherland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi250300r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.008946","article-title":"Obesity in childhood cancer survivors: call for early weight management.","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi250300r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24445","article-title":"A worldwide collaboration to harmonize guidelines for the long-term follow-up of childhood and young adult cancer survivors: a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group.","volume":"60","author":"Kremer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi250300r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.30624","article-title":"Long-term nephrotoxicity in irradiated pediatric kidney tumor survivors: a systematic review.","volume":"70","author":"D\u00e1vila Fajardo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi250300r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.29518","article-title":"Overview of methotrexate toxicity: a comprehensive literature review.","volume":"14","author":"Hamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi250300r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13388","article-title":"Renal toxicity and chemotherapy in children with cancer.","volume":"83","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi250300r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/children9020127","article-title":"Current state of pediatric cardio-oncology: a review.","volume":"9","author":"Brickler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"zoi250300r71","author":"Skinner","year":"2005"},{"key":"zoi250300r48","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Census profile, 2016 census. Updated July 12, 2024. Accessed March 26, 2025. https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/prof\/details\/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Ottawa&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&TABID=1&G=1&Geo1=CD&Code1=3506&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&type=1&B1=Journey%20to%20work"},{"key":"zoi250300r56","unstructured":"Bollman? R. Rural demography update. Rural Ontario Institute. Published 2016. Accessed June 5, 2023. https:\/\/www.ruralontarioinstitute.ca\/uploads\/userfiles\/files\/Bollman%202017%20%20Rural%20Demography%20Update%20%202016.pdf"},{"key":"zoi250300r57","unstructured":"Canadian Institute of Health Information. Health indicators 2013. Published January 30, 2014. Accessed March 26, 2025. https:\/\/www.cihi.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/document\/health-indicators-2013-en.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2834248\/lebel_2025_oi_250300_1747078192.45576.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:31:28Z","timestamp":1747668688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2834248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.8199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]}}}