{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:26:43Z","timestamp":1792477603576,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n \n Preliminary analyses have suggested that state-level abortion policy following\n Dobbs v Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization<\/jats:italic>\n (\n Dobbs<\/jats:italic>\n ) may affect the health care workforce, including residency applications.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess disparities in the residency application rate to programs in abortion-restricted states compared with programs in nonrestricted states following the\n Dobbs<\/jats:italic>\n decision by gender of applicants across all medical specialties and to compare how these differences may vary by specialty.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n This cross-sectional study with interrupted time-series analysis used anonymized program-level residency application data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) from 2019 to 2023. Residency programs across all medical specialties with complete application data across the study period were included. The application cycle immediately prior to the\n Dobbs<\/jats:italic>\n decision, 2020-2021, was the base year for analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n \n New or intensified state-level abortion restrictions enacted post-\n Dobbs<\/jats:italic>\n in June until October 2022, the 2023 ERAS submission deadline.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was the disparity in application rates to programs between restricted states and nonrestricted states. The application rate was calculated as the number of applications to each program per 100\u202f000 total applications across all programs nationwide annually. Regression models explored the interaction between the exposure and application cycles, controlling for program fixed effects, program size, applicant degree type, and in-state applicants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among 4315 residency programs with 22\u202f447\u202f175 total applications (46.1% from women and 53.9% from men), the disparity in the application rate to programs in abortion-restricted states changed by \u22120.38 (95% CI, \u22120.70 to \u22120.05) among women and \u22120.56 (95% CI, \u22120.95 to \u22120.17) among men applying to residency, reflecting an absolute difference of \u22127833.2 (95% CI, \u221214\u202f429.7 to \u22121030.7) applications from women and \u221212\u202f789.2 (95% CI, \u221221\u202f695.9 to \u22123882.4) applications from men to programs in abortion-restricted states. Differences were greater among abortion-related specialties, including obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, internal medicine, and emergency medicine (\u22121.17 [95% CI, \u22121.89 to \u22120.45] for women and \u22121.54 [95% CI, \u22122.39 to \u22120.69] for men), and decreased among the most competitive specialties (ie, dermatology; neurosurgery; orthopedics; ear, nose, and throat; and plastic surgery) (\u22120.02 [95% CI, \u22120.37 to 0.40] for women and \u22120.13 [95% CI, \u22120.44 to 0.18] for men).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n In this cross-sectional panel analysis of residency applications to 4315 programs, the\n Dobbs<\/jats:italic>\n decision was associated with a significant decrease in residency applications in abortion-restricted states compared with nonrestricted states among both women and men. These findings provide early evidence that\n Dobbs<\/jats:italic>\n may be associated with state-level disparities in the overall health care training pipeline and workforce.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.0286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T16:00:35Z","timestamp":1772467235000},"page":"e260286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["State-Level Disparities in Residency Applications After\n Dobbs v Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anisha P.","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Morenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson"},{"name":"Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"zoi260024r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.20424","article-title":"Estimated travel time and spatial access to abortion facilities in the US before and after the Dobbs v Jackson Women\u2019s Health Decision.","volume":"328","author":"Rader","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi260024r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.0424","article-title":"Changes in permanent contraception procedures among young adults following the Dobbs decision.","volume":"5","author":"Ellison","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi260024r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.0885","article-title":"Infant deaths after Texas\u2019 2021 ban on abortion in early pregnancy.","volume":"178","author":"Gemmill","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi260024r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.4276","article-title":"National trends in infant mortality in the US after Dobbs.","volume":"178","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"zoi260024r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2024.100483","article-title":"Sources of moral distress among obstetrician-gynecologists after Dobbs: a qualitative, multi-state study.","volume":"6","author":"Buchbinder","year":"2024","journal-title":"SSM Qual Res Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260024r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.52109","article-title":"US obstetrician-gynecologists\u2019 perceived impacts of post-Dobbs v Jackson state abortion bans.","volume":"7","author":"Sabbath","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi260024r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.8149","article-title":"Post-Dobbs decision changes in obstetrics and gynecology clinical workforce in states with abortion restrictions.","volume":"185","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260024r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.55017","article-title":"Trends in obstetrics and gynecology residency applications in the year after abortion access changes.","volume":"7","author":"Hammoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260024r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004832","article-title":"Projected implications of overturning Roe v Wade on abortion training in U.S. obstetrics and gynecology residency programs.","volume":"140","author":"Vinekar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"zoi260024r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2024.110808","article-title":"The impact of Dobbs v. 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