{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:21:37Z","timestamp":1790706097666,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Neurodevelopmental impairments are common in children with congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes by cardiac diagnosis and identify associations between medical and social factors and early neurodevelopmental outcomes among children with congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional analysis used neurodevelopmental follow-up data obtained between May 1, 2019, and June 30, 2022, and entered into the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative (CNOC) registry, with linkage to the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium registry. Children younger than 30 months from 25 CNOC sites were studied. Data analysis was performed between January 2023 and December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Patients undergoing cardiac surgical repair or palliation requiring cardiopulmonary bypass at younger than 12 months who completed a neurodevelopmental assessment before 30 months of age.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Outcomes are the cognitive, language, and motor indexes on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III\/4. Factors analyzed by multivariable regression modeling include cardiac diagnosis and other previously identified medical risk factors and social drivers of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The study included 942 assessments from 868 children (median [IQR] age at index operation, 20 [6-127] days; 481 [56.1%] male, 102 [11.8%] with a genetic diagnosis). Across cardiac diagnostic groups, those with genetic diagnoses (n\u2009=\u2009116 assessments) scored more than 1 SD lower on all Bayley indexes than those without (cognitive: 18.8; 95% CI, 15.3-22.4; language: 16.1; 95% CI, 12.2-20.0; motor: 20.9; 95% CI, 18.3-23.5;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001 for each). After adjustment for other characteristics, cardiac diagnosis was significantly associated with the cognitive and motor indexes, with patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (reference group) exhibiting the highest scores, whereas the mean scores for all other diagnoses were within the normal range (\u03b2 coefficients [95% CIs] of \u20134.5 [\u20137.8 to \u20131.2] for coarctation, \u20133.8 [\u201310.8 to 3.1] for ventricular septal defect, \u20132.4 [\u20136.7 to 1.8] for tetralogy of Fallot, \u20134.0 [\u20136.4 to \u20131.7] for single-ventricle physiology, \u20132.4 [\u20139.7 to 5.0] for atrioventricular septal defect, and \u20133.4 [\u20136.1 to\u20130.6] for other cardiac diagnoses). Lower birth weight, male sex, older age at initial surgery, longer hospital length of stay, more cardiac catheterizations, and lower primary caregiver educational level were independently associated with worse performance on all indexes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cross-sectional study of early neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease, there was significant variation in neurodevelopmental outcomes according to cardiac diagnosis; regardless of cardiac diagnosis, the presence of a genetic diagnosis was associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores. The heterogeneous outcomes found in this study reinforce the importance of surveillance for all infants undergoing heart surgery in the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.15885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:30:28Z","timestamp":1780327828000},"page":"e2615885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Early Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mike","family":"Seed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Ilardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Rofeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Ortinau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caren","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Reichle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Elhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunrise Children\u2019s Hospital\/Pediatrix Medical Group, Department of Pediatrics, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Jo","family":"Lisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Butcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, C.S. Mott Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Van Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiac Care, Advocate Children\u2019s Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabnam","family":"Peyvandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Bucholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Evaluation Clinic, Rady Children\u2019s Hospital, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyla","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shruti","family":"Tewar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children\u2019s Hospital, Little Rock"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiona","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children\u2019s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi","family":"Glotzbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nneka","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Bear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Wisconsin, Milwaukee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"},{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Sananes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Management, Center for Heart Care, Phoenix Children\u2019s, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Willen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Mercy, University of Missouri, Kansas City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Joe DiMaggio Children\u2019s Hospital, Hollywood, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours Children\u2019s Health, Wilmington, Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Sadhwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari Crawford","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atrium Health Levine Children\u2019s Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Pliego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurosciences, Dell Children\u2019s, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Valles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rady Children\u2019s Health, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbey","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wypij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Maine Medical Center, Portland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260450r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-000998","article-title":"\u2018Big issues\u2019 in neurodevelopment for children and adults with congenital heart disease.","volume":"6","author":"Verrall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"13","key":"zoi260450r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e997","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001211","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with congenital heart disease: updates in neuroprotection, risk-stratification, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.","volume":"149","author":"Sood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260450r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.06.042","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in adult congenital heart disease: predictors and prevalence.","volume":"137","author":"Kovacs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260450r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02349-z","article-title":"Educational attainment in patients with congenital heart disease: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"21","author":"Cocomello","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260450r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2022.09.026","article-title":"The genetics of neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease.","volume":"39","author":"Patt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260450r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2022.09.020","article-title":"Fetal brain development in congenital heart disease.","volume":"39","author":"Peyvandi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260450r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00183-5","article-title":"Length of stay after infant heart surgery is related to cognitive outcome at age 8 years.","volume":"143","author":"Newburger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260450r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829bfdcf","article-title":"Brain injury and development in newborns with critical congenital heart disease.","volume":"81","author":"Dimitropoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi260450r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.10.087","article-title":"Patient characteristics are important determinants of neurodevelopmental outcome at one year of age after neonatal and infant cardiac surgery.","volume":"133","author":"Gaynor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"zoi260450r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951105002398","article-title":"Current insights regarding neurological and developmental abnormalities in children and young adults with complex congenital cardiac disease.","volume":"16","author":"Wernovsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi260450r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3825","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes after cardiac surgery in infancy.","volume":"135","author":"Gaynor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260450r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.12.019","article-title":"Developmental and functional outcomes at school entry in children with congenital heart defects.","volume":"153","author":"Majnemer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi260450r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717000443","article-title":"Learning and memory in adolescents with critical biventricular congenital heart disease.","volume":"23","author":"Cassidy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"15","key":"zoi260450r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199310073291501","article-title":"A comparison of the perioperative neurologic effects of hypothermic circulatory arrest versus low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass in infant heart surgery.","volume":"329","author":"Newburger","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi260450r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320901","article-title":"Developmental and neurologic status of children after heart surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass.","volume":"332","author":"Bellinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi260450r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00711-6","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental status at eight years in children with dextro-transposition of the great arteries: the Boston Circulatory Arrest Trial.","volume":"126","author":"Bellinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi260450r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026963","article-title":"Adolescents with d-transposition of the great arteries corrected with the arterial switch procedure: neuropsychological assessment and structural brain imaging.","volume":"124","author":"Bellinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"zoi260450r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.064113","article-title":"Early developmental outcome in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related anomalies: the single ventricle reconstruction trial.","volume":"125","author":"Newburger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260450r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.05.019","article-title":"Factors associated with neurodevelopment for children with single ventricle lesions.","volume":"165","author":"Goldberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi260450r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.04.050","article-title":"Changing expectations for neurological outcomes after the neonatal arterial switch operation.","volume":"94","author":"Andropoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260450r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951123001208","article-title":"Development of the data registry for the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.","volume":"34","author":"Sadhwani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260450r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-060995","article-title":"Factors associated with attendance for cardiac neurodevelopmental evaluation.","volume":"152","author":"Ortinau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi260450r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00735","article-title":"Racial and ethnic inequities in children\u2019s neighborhoods: evidence from the new Child Opportunity Index 2.0.","volume":"39","author":"Acevedo-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi260450r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.03.071","article-title":"An empirically based tool for analyzing mortality associated with congenital heart surgery.","volume":"138","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"zoi260450r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2023-056","article-title":"Generalized estimating equations using the new Rpackage glmtoolbox.","volume":"15","author":"Vanegas","year":"2023","journal-title":"R J"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi260450r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309449","article-title":"Perioperative risk factors for impaired neurodevelopment after cardiac surgery in early infancy.","volume":"101","author":"Gunn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"18","key":"zoi260450r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.068","article-title":"Neonatal brain injury and timing of neurodevelopmental assessment in patients with congenital heart disease.","volume":"71","author":"Peyvandi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260450r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-023-02490-9","article-title":"Critical congenital heart disease beyond HLHS and TGA: neonatal brain injury and early neurodevelopment.","volume":"94","author":"Vassar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi260450r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-050875","article-title":"Cognitive and executive function in congenital heart disease: a meta-analysis.","volume":"148","author":"Feldmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"24","key":"zoi260450r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037495","article-title":"Associations between age at arterial switch operation, brain growth, and development in infants with transposition of the great arteries.","volume":"139","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi260450r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.23707","article-title":"MRI characterization of hemodynamic patterns of human fetuses with cyanotic congenital heart disease.","volume":"58","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260450r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.125227","article-title":"Predictors of developmental disabilities after open heart surgery in young children with congenital heart defects.","volume":"141","author":"Limperopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260450r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028489","article-title":"Developmental care for hospitalized infants with complex congenital heart disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association.","volume":"12","author":"Lisanti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"zoi260450r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.01.043","article-title":"A collaborative learning assessment of developmental care practices for infants in the cardiac intensive care unit.","volume":"220","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi260450r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951121003942","article-title":"Predictors of behavioural and emotional outcomes in toddlers with congenital heart disease.","volume":"32","author":"Jilek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260450r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-020-02525-6","article-title":"Early evaluation and the effect of socioeconomic factors on neurodevelopment in infants with tetralogy of Fallot.","volume":"42","author":"Favilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"zoi260450r25","volume-title":"Bayley-4: Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Technical Manual","author":"Bayley","year":"2019","edition":"4th ed"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2849735\/seed_2026_oi_260450_1783020559.85072.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:00:26Z","timestamp":1783609226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2849735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.15885","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}