{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T11:26:53Z","timestamp":1783164413447,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi260491-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endogenous venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE), is considered a rare event in pediatric patients, and its health care implications are largely unstudied. However, its burden on the health care system may be disproportionately higher owing to age-specific risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi260491-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and characterize the inpatient cohort of children and adolescents with VTE and PE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi260491-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nationwide cohort study used data on inpatient cases of VTE in Germany (data source: Federal Bureau of Statistics DESTATIS) from 2020 to 2024. Cases younger than 20 years with VTE as the main or secondary diagnosis, as well as a subcohort with PE as the main diagnosis, were analyzed regarding risk profiles, inpatient care, and outcomes stratified by sex and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi260491-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital-based incidence of VTE (VTE cases per 10\u202f000 inpatient cases per year) and in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi260491-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study identified 14\u202f108 pediatric inpatient cases of VTE (mean [SD] age, 9.0 [7.3] years; 7201 male [51.0%]), corresponding to a hospital-based incidence of 15.3 per 10\u202f000 pediatric cases per year. A total of 3311 patients with VTE (23.5%), comprising 1361 of 6907 female patients (19.7%) and 1950 of 7201 male patients (27.1%), were infants younger than 1 year. Risk factors for VTE varied, as rates of infection, chronic organ failure, and congenital diseases decreased with increasing patient age, while cancer was most commonly diagnosed among cases aged 5 to 14 years, and thrombophilia remained a relatively constant risk factor across all age groups. PE occurred in 1564 VTE cases (11.1%); among cases whose main diagnosis was PE, 624 of 888 (70.3%) were female. The in-hospital mortality rate in the VTE cohort was 3.7% (522 of 14\u202f108); mortality risk was significantly increased among infants aged 4 years or younger (OR, 3.52 [95% CI, 2.73-4.57];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-zoi260491-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study found a marked inpatient health care and economic burden for VTE among children and adolescents. Mortality risk was significantly increased among infants younger than 1 year. Studies are needed to provide evidence-based support for the safety and effectiveness of medical interventions for children and adolescents with VTE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.17459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:30:25Z","timestamp":1781019025000},"page":"e2617459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inpatient Characteristics and Outcomes of Venous Thromboembolism Among Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Friebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dierk","family":"Scheinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Tokur Sonuvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toralf","family":"Kirsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Freisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Westfaelische Wilhelms University Muenster, Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"zoi260491r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832.e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.02.024","article-title":"Incidence of and mortality from venous thromboembolism in a real-world population: the Q-VTE Study Cohort.","volume":"126","author":"Tagalakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260491r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01647-2019","article-title":"2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).","volume":"54","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir 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