{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:29:48Z","timestamp":1786375788271,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Immigrants without US citizenship, or noncitizens, disproportionately endure poverty, labor exclusions, and inadequate health care access\u2014structural drivers of adverse cancer outcomes. While screening is critical for preventing cancer deaths, and cancer is the leading cause of death among noncitizens, little is known about citizenship status and its potential influence on cancer screening.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To examine cancer screening inequities associated with citizenship status, evaluate whether these inequities vary across states, and determine whether structural factors mediate these inequities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey (2010-2023). Eligibility for cancer screening and the timing and types of tests considered appropriate were determined using US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines. Data were analyzed from May to August 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Citizenship status: noncitizen (regardless of documentation), naturalized, or US-born.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Outcomes included colorectal, cervical, or breast cancer screening. Potential mediators included socioeconomic and health care factors (eg, poverty-to-income ratio and insurance), whereas clinical factors (eg, cancer history) were considered confounders. Mediation analysis using nonlinear multiple additive regression tree models was performed to evaluate associations between citizenship status and cancer screening and to identify mediators.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The sample included 131\u202f501 participants eligible for colorectal (3687 [5.1%] noncitizen, median [IQR] age, 61.1 [55.0 to 67.0] years, 39\u202f040 [47.8%] male), cervical (6812 [10.2%] noncitizen, median [IQR] age 41.1 [30.0-52.0]), or breast (1815 [5.1%] noncitizen, median [IQR] age 60.8 [55.0-66.0]) cancer screening. In 2023, noncitizens had significantly lower colorectal (43.6%; 95% CI, 38.7%-48.4% vs 75.5%; 95% CI, 74.6%-76.5%), cervical (57.1%; 95% CI, 53.1%-61.0% vs 71.6%; 95% CI, 70.3%-72.8%), and breast (73.0%; 95% CI, 66.4%-78.7% vs 80.1%; 95% CI, 78.8%-81.3%) cancer screening rates than US-born citizens. These citizenship-based disparities were observed throughout the study period and were present in many states. Noncitizens had significantly lower odds of receiving colorectal (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.32-0.38), cervical (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.38-0.44), and breast (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.52-0.62) cancer screenings than US-born citizens, with socioeconomic and health care factors jointly mediating these inequities (proportion mediated, colorectal cancer: 56.6%; 95% CI, 49.1%-64.2%; cervical cancer: 39.6%; 95% CI, 32.3%-47.0%; breast cancer: 97.1%; 95% CI, 87.1%-107.1%).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this nationally representative study, noncitizens had lower rates of cancer screenings, an inequity largely explained by socioeconomic barriers and inadequate health care access. Efforts to increase cancer screening and reduce preventable cancer mortality among noncitizens should focus on improving their health care access.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.28371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:00:16Z","timestamp":1786374016000},"page":"e2628371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cancer Screening and Citizenship Status in the US"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jenny S.","family":"Guadamuz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley"},{"name":"Center for Health Management and Policy Research, University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Calip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program on Medicines and Public Health, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo Vargas","family":"Bustamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program on Medicines and Public Health, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,"},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles"},{"name":"Latino Policy and Politics Institute, University of California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"zoi260770r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.11.005","article-title":"Citizenship status and mortality among young Latino Adults in the U.S., 1998\u20132015.","volume":"62","author":"Guadamuz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi260770r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2003.20807.x","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer screening: the importance of foreign birth as a barrier to care.","volume":"18","author":"Goel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260770r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0249","article-title":"Addressing disparities in cancer screening among U.S. Immigrants: progress and opportunities.","volume":"13","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi260770r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-021-00920-9","article-title":"Understanding immigration as a social determinant of health: cardiovascular disease in Hispanics\/Latinos and South Asians in the United States.","volume":"23","author":"Guadamuz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi260770r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00763","article-title":"Spreading fear: the announcement of the public charge rule reduced enrollment in child safety-net programs: study examines whether the announced change to the federal public charge rule affected the share of children enrolled in Medicaid, SNAP, and WIC.","volume":"39","author":"Barofsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"zoi260770r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.14020","author":"Bustamante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi260770r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305745","article-title":"Immigration status and disparities in the treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Hispanic community health study\/study of Latinos (Visit 2, 2014-2017).","volume":"110","author":"Guadamuz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260770r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-010-9406-9","article-title":"Variations in healthcare access and utilization among Mexican immigrants: the role of documentation status.","volume":"14","author":"Vargas Bustamante","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"zoi260770r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi260770r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.02356","article-title":"Chilling effects: US immigration enforcement and health care seeking among Hispanic adults.","volume":"40","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260770r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006215","article-title":"Citizenship status and the prevalence, treatment, and control of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults in the United States, 2011-2016.","volume":"13","author":"Guadamuz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"zoi260770r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.14185","article-title":"Citizenship status and cost-related nonadherence in the United States, 2017-2021.","volume":"58","author":"Guadamuz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260770r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.40158.x","article-title":"Impact of U.S. citizenship status on cancer screening among immigrant women.","volume":"20","author":"De Alba","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi260770r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-009-9236-9","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening of Californian adults of Mexican origin as a function of acculturation.","volume":"12","author":"Johnson-Kozlow","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi260770r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-017-0887-x","article-title":"Citizenship, length of stay, and screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer in women, 2000-2010.","volume":"28","author":"Miranda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260770r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-014-0091-y","article-title":"Trends in cancer screening by citizenship and health insurance, 2000-2010.","volume":"17","author":"Reyes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"zoi260770r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-018-1084-2","article-title":"Chronic comorbidities and cervical cancer screening and adherence among US-born and foreign-born women.","volume":"29","author":"Cofie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"zoi260770r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.6975","author":"Cofie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Womens Health 2002"},{"issue":"22","key":"zoi260770r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.5534","article-title":"Screening for breast cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"331","author":"Nicholson","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi260770r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.10897","article-title":"Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"320","author":"Curry","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"19","key":"zoi260770r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.6238","article-title":"Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"325","author":"Davidson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260770r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7977","article-title":"Multiple mediation analysis with survival outcomes: with an application to explore racial disparity in breast cancer survival.","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260770r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5334\/jors.160","article-title":"mma: An R package for mediation analysis with multiple mediators.","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Open Res Softw"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260770r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02896-0","article-title":"Comparing cancer stage at diagnosis between migrants and non-migrants: a meta-analysis.","volume":"132","author":"Harvey-Sullivan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi260770r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.03.035","article-title":"Disparities in incidence of early- and late-onset colorectal cancer between Hispanics and Whites: a 10-year SEER database study.","volume":"215","author":"Koblinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"zoi260770r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3828","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32347","article-title":"Recent trends in the age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the US National Cancer Data Base, 2004-2015.","volume":"125","author":"Virostko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi260770r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100693","article-title":"Early-onset colorectal cancer survival by race and ethnicity in a large community-based insured population.","volume":"4","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"},{"issue":"17","key":"zoi260770r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0902","article-title":"Cancer screening 3 years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"333","author":"Star","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260770r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.43582","article-title":"Assessment of US Preventive Services Task Force guideline-concordant cervical cancer screening rates and reasons for underscreening by age, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, rurality, and insurance, 2005 to 2019.","volume":"5","author":"Suk","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi260770r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.01.007","article-title":"Cervical cancer death rates among U.S.- and foreign-born women: U.S., 2005-2014.","volume":"56","author":"Hallowell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260770r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13020098","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination among US-born and foreign-born adults aged 18 to 26 years in the United States.","volume":"13","author":"Sokale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi260770r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2025.308217","article-title":"Reassessing the heuristic of the \u201chealthy immigrant\u201d in an era of turmoil.","volume":"115","author":"Guadamuz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260770r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2020.0076","article-title":"Preventing colorectal cancer: pathway to achieving an 80% screening goal in the United States: overview and proceedings of a population health advisory board.","volume":"24","author":"Nash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"zoi260770r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7102a2","article-title":"Trends in breast cancer incidence, by race, ethnicity, and age among women aged =20 years\u2014United States, 1999-2018.","volume":"71","author":"Ellington","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"zoi260770r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd16.180221","article-title":"Higher breast cancer risk among immigrant Asian American women than among US-born Asian American Women.","volume":"16","author":"Morey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"zoi260770r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.06.013","article-title":"Disparities in unmet needed paid leave across race, ethnicity and citizenship status among employed Californians: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"221","author":"Haro-Ramos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260770r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/soae111","article-title":"The promise and limits of inclusive public policy: federal safety net clinics and immigrant access to health care in the U.S.","volume":"103","author":"Parker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Forces"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260770r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxag002","article-title":"Medicaid expansion for undocumented adults and its association with health insurance coverage among noncitizens in California, 2017-2023.","volume":"4","author":"Guadamuz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Health Aff Sch"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi260770r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2023.01547","article-title":"ICE detainer requests were associated with lower medicaid and SNAP enrollment among eligible adults, 2011-19.","volume":"43","author":"Kravitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi260770r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21732","article-title":"Health insurance status and cancer stage at diagnosis and survival in the United States.","volume":"72","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"16","key":"zoi260770r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30722","article-title":"Breast cancer stage variation and survival in association with insurance status and sociodemographic factors in US women 18 to 64 years old.","volume":"123","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"zoi260770r31","volume-title":"Unequal Treatment","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care","year":"2003"},{"key":"zoi260770r1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. Selected characteristics of the native and foreign-born populations\u2014American Community Survey 1-year estimates. 2024. Accessed November 20, 2025. https:\/\/data.census.gov\/table?g=0400000US45&tid=ACSST1Y2021.S0501"},{"key":"zoi260770r3","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. SEER cancer stat facts. SEER. Accessed November 21, 2025. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi260770r4","unstructured":"Cancer Disparities Progress Report? AACR. 2024. Cancer progress report. Accessed November 21, 2025. https:\/\/cancerprogressreport.aacr.org\/disparities\/cdpr24-contents\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r8","unstructured":"Mohamad? M, Passel? JS. What the data says about immigrants in the US. Pew Research Center. July 22, 2024. Accessed August 12, 2024. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2024\/07\/22\/key-findings-about-us-immigrants\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r9","unstructured":"KFF. Key facts on health coverage of immigrants. KFF. January 15, 2025. Accessed November 5, 2025. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/key-facts-on-health-coverage-of-immigrants\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r24","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2014National Centers for Health Statistics. Restricted NCHS data. Research Data Center. November 21, 2024. Accessed June 26, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/rdc\/restricted-nchs-variables\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi260770r25","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. National Health Interview Survey cancer control supplement. 2025. Accessed May 28, 2026. https:\/\/healthcaredelivery.cancer.gov\/nhis\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r29","unstructured":"Moriarity? C, Parsons? V. 2016 Sample redesign of the National Health Interview Survey. National Center for Health Statistics. 2015. Accessed July 22, 2026. https:\/\/nhis.ipums.org\/nhis\/resources\/moriarity_and_parsons_2016_redesign.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260770r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen? RA, Terlizzi? EP, Cha? AE, . Geographic variation in health insurance coverage: United States, 2019. August 6, 2021. Accessed July 22, 2026. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/107558","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:106462"},{"key":"zoi260770r44","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Social determinants of health\u2014healthy people 2030. Accessed June 15, 2022. https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople\/priority-areas\/social-determinants-health"},{"key":"zoi260770r48","unstructured":"Explainer: 2025 proposed rule on public charge. national immigration forum. December 8, 2025. Accessed December 17, 2025. https:\/\/forumtogether.org\/article\/explainer-2025-proposed-rule-on-public-charge\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r50","unstructured":"US Department of State. Immigrant visa processing updates for nationalities at high risk of public benefits usage. Accessed January 30, 2026. https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/News\/visas-news\/immigrant-visa-processing-updates-for-nationalities-at-high-risk-of-public-benefits-usage.html"},{"key":"zoi260770r51","unstructured":"International Rescue Committee. Behind the headlines: temporary protected status. September 8, 2025. Accessed September 24, 2025. https:\/\/www.rescue.org\/article\/behind-headlines-temporary-protected-status"},{"key":"zoi260770r52","unstructured":"Alvarez? P. Trump administration tells migrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela that their legal status is terminated. CNN. June 12, 2025. Accessed September 24, 2025. https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/06\/12\/politics\/migrants-cuba-venezuela-haiti-nicaragua"},{"key":"zoi260770r53","unstructured":"Pillai? A, Pillai? D. Artiga. Recent state actions impacting immigrants\u2019 access to state-funded health coverage and other public programs. KFF. July 16, 2025. Accessed January 30, 2026. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/recent-state-actions-impacting-immigrants-access-to-state-funded-health-coverage-and-other-public-programs\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r55","unstructured":"Pillai? A, Pillai? D, Artiga? S. State health coverage for immigrants and implications for health coverage and care. KFF. May 29, 2025. Accessed October 2, 2025. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/state-health-coverage-for-immigrants-and-implications-for-health-coverage-and-care\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r56","unstructured":"Pillai? D, Artiga? S. Potential impacts of new requirements in Florida and Texas for hospitals to request patient immigration status. KFF. August 26, 2024. Accessed January 30, 2026. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial-equity-and-health-policy\/potential-impacts-of-new-requirements-in-florida-and-texas-for-hospitals-to-request-patient-immigration-status\/"},{"key":"zoi260770r57","unstructured":"Immigrant Legal Resource Center. 100+ Policy changes that have devastated immigrants and asylum seekers. 2026. Accessed January 30, 2026. https:\/\/www.ilrc.org\/100-policy-changes-have-devastated-immigrants-and-asylum-seekers"},{"key":"zoi260770r58","unstructured":"Nunn? EB, Agrawal? N, Silver-Greenberg? J. Migrants are skipping medical care, fearing ICE, doctors say. New York Times. May 8, 2025. Accessed January 30, 2026. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/05\/08\/health\/migrants-health-care-trump.html"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2852595\/guadamuz_2026_oi_260770_1785772901.12422.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:00:21Z","timestamp":1786374021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2852595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.28371","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}}}