{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:10:20Z","timestamp":1788491420955,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Although fluoride exposure at high levels during the perinatal period has been associated with socioemotional problems among children, there is limited evidence regarding potential associations at lower levels of fluoride exposure, particularly in the US.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To examine the association between prenatal exposure to public drinking water fluoride levels and children\u2019s socioemotional problems in a pooled US pediatric consortium.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cohort study used observational pregnancy cohort data from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2019, on children aged 1.5 to 17 years from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort, which took place at 20 prenatal pediatric cohort sites across 34 US states. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 2024 to December 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Area-level, time-weighted, mean fluoride concentrations in public water were estimated based on residential addresses during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Children\u2019s socioemotional problems were assessed using caregiver reports of internalizing and externalizing problems via the Child Behavior Checklist. Generalized estimating equation models evaluated the adjusted mean difference in T scores (1) across the range of exposure values in cubic spline models, (2) per 500.0-\u00b5g\/L higher fluoride level in linear models, (3) across quartiles of exposure, and (4) at the US Public Health Services recommended cutoff (\u2264700.0 \u00b5g\/L; 3998 less than the cutoff).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The cohort comprised 5520 children (mean [SD] age, 5.8 [3.0] years; 2849 boys [51.6%]). The mean (SD) prenatal time-weighted water fluoride level was 407.9 (361.0) \u00b5g\/L (range, &amp;lt;1.4-3272.5 \u00b5g\/L). The adjusted mean difference in emotional and behavioral problem T scores per 500.0-\u03bcg\/L higher exposure to prenatal public water fluoride was \u22120.15 (95% CI, \u22120.85 to 0.56) for internalizing problems and 0.06 (95% CI, \u22120.44 to 0.55) for externalizing problems, consistently showing no associations at the continuous level. However, some positive associations were observed only when using change point models for externalizing problems (adjusted mean difference, 1.59 [95% CI, 0.72-2.47] per 500.0-\u00b5g\/L increase above the inflection point), and for some subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cohort study, prenatal exposure to fluoride levels in regulated public water was not associated with internalizing and externalizing problems among offspring. In change point models, positive associations were found for externalizing problems. The results contribute to growing evidence that could inform future policy decisions regarding fluoride in the US public water systems. Additional studies are needed to further investigate this association, especially examining other sources of fluoride that may have an association with children\u2019s emotional and behavioral problems.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.29389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:03:47Z","timestamp":1788451427000},"page":"e2629389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prenatal Water Fluoride Exposure and Children\u2019s Behavioral Problems"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alexis","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Nigra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina R.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa R.","family":"Bloomquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushara","family":"Rajeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amii M.","family":"Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Burjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren C.","family":"Shuffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anahid","family":"Akbaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoye","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Eick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy L.","family":"Aschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey"},{"name":"Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women\u2019s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeong-Moo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Bastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P Brian","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L Kristin","family":"Newby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Adair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa P.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Catellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Knapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amii M.","family":"Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney K.","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell A.","family":"Mansolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Shei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gershon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Macy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suman R.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon A.","family":"Mallal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi V.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan H.","family":"Shilts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akram N.","family":"Alshawabkeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose F.","family":"Cordero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Meeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Trasande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaozhong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley F.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Traci A.","family":"Bekelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Wilkening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheryl","family":"Magzamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna F.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne P.","family":"Starling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Rinehart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Koinis Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viren","family":"D'Sa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean C.L.","family":"Deoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Georg","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane S.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Monk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glorisa","family":"Canino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Posner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tenneill","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Lugo-Candelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Hockett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assiamira","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Croen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique M.","family":"Hedderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ainsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard B.","family":"Bacharier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casper G.","family":"Bendixsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane R.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina V.","family":"Hartert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.M.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meyer","family":"Kattan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurjit K.","family":"Khurana Hershey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Lemanske, Jr.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan V.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George T.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Ober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Ownby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Rivera-Spoljaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick H.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Seroogy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward M.","family":"Zoratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"Habre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohreh","family":"Farzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank D.","family":"Gilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irva","family":"Hertz-Picciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah H.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie B.","family":"Schweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine M.","family":"LaSalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison E.","family":"Hipwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Karr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole R.","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaja Z.","family":"LeWinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheela","family":"Sathyanarayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Tylavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kecia N.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine T.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie D.","family":"Leve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody M.","family":"Ganiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenae M.","family":"Neiderhiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott T.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto A.","family":"Litonjua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy T.","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliot R.","family":"Spindel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Tepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig J.","family":"Newschaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Lyall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather E.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Ozonoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Piven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Hazlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhi","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Dager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Botteron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Messinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ames","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Oken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele R.","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamarra","family":"James-Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"T. Michael","family":"O'Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean A.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa K.","family":"Washburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semsa","family":"Gogcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Bear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie V.","family":"Rollins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Msall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Lenski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawad","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Pastyrnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hudson","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Kerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Paneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Charles J.","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Ruden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Fussman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie B.","family":"Herbstman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Schantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Dee","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Tabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Strakovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Morello-Frosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Padula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph B.","family":"Stanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina A.","family":"Porucznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo P.","family":"Giardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind J.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert O.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Collett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Baumann-Blackmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Gangnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris G.","family":"McKennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Altman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy L.","family":"Aschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Stroustrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Merhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria S.","family":"Pryhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hudak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Marie","family":"Reynolds Lyndaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Lampland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burton","family":"Rochelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Blitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle W.","family":"Katzow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenobia","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Codruta","family":"Chiuzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Rafael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawnette","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Meirowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Poindexter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tebeb","family":"Gebretsadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Osmundson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Straughen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Eapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cassidy-Bushrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesa","family":"Wegienka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Sitarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Woodcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Urquhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tisa","family":"Johnson-Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengfei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Gloria","family":"Dominguez-Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Palomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyndsay A.","family":"Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly J .","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger B.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallory H.","family":"Alkis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunni L.","family":"Mumford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather H.","family":"Burris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara B.","family":"DeMauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Hamvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia F.","family":"Olidipo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Eiland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole T.","family":"Spillane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirin N.","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena B.","family":"Mithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raye-Ann O.","family":"DeRegnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie L.","family":"Maitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby H.N.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan M.","family":"JaKa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbey C.","family":"Sidebottom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Paidas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoNell E.","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natale","family":"Ruby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lunthita","family":"Duthely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arumugam","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan L.","family":"Slaughter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney D.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kartik K.","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina W.","family":"Whitworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Symanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Northrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Mendez-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo A.","family":"Mosquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Karagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette C.","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra M.","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnnye L.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Rennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bennett L.","family":"Leventhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Shin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somer","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara S.","family":"Nozadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry M.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen J.","family":"Marsit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Everson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Loncar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth C.","family":"McGowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Sheinkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian S.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Check","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Helderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort Consortium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"zoi260807r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491513000408","article-title":"U.S. Public Health Service recommendation for fluoride concentration in drinking water for the prevention of dental caries.","volume":"130","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Federal Panel on Community Water Fluoridation","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"zoi260807r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.11987","article-title":"Maternal urinary fluoride and child neurobehavior at age 36 months.","volume":"7","author":"Malin","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260807r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010002","article-title":"Water quality and brain function.","volume":"15","author":"Bondy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260807r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70278-3","article-title":"Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity.","volume":"13","author":"Grandjean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260807r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0003-1","article-title":"Exposure to fluoridated water and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States: an ecological association.","volume":"14","author":"Malin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"zoi260807r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59040797","article-title":"Fluoride exposure and ADHD: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.","volume":"59","author":"Fiore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260807r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.17269\/CJPH.108.5951","article-title":"Fluoride exposure and reported learning disability diagnosis among Canadian children: implications for community water fluoridation.","volume":"108","author":"Barberio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"issue":"pt B","key":"zoi260807r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105190","article-title":"Association of water fluoride and urinary fluoride concentrations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Canadian youth.","volume":"133","author":"Riddell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"pt 2","key":"zoi260807r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.11.002","article-title":"Associations of renal function with urinary excretion of metals: evidence from NHANES 2003-2012.","volume":"121","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi260807r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408837","article-title":"Associations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with lower birth weight: an evaluation of potential confounding by glomerular filtration rate using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK).","volume":"123","author":"Verner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"7","key":"zoi260807r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2025.9478","article-title":"Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure.","volume":"23","author":"Bennekou","year":"2025","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi260807r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad071","article-title":"The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)\u2013wide cohort.","volume":"192","author":"Knapp","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260807r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-024-00699-2","volume":"36","author":"Bloomquist","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260807r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-023-00586-2","article-title":"Contribution of arsenic and uranium in private wells and community water systems to urinary biomarkers in US adults: the Strong Heart Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.","volume":"34","author":"Spaur","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"zoi260807r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP7313","article-title":"Inequalities in public water arsenic concentrations in counties and community water systems across the United States, 2006-2011.","volume":"128","author":"Nigra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"9","key":"zoi260807r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91303","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12382","article-title":"Invited perspective: an argument for changing the reporting units for lead in blood.","volume":"131","author":"Caravanos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi260807r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.012","article-title":"Internalizing\/externalizing problems: review and recommendations for clinical and research applications.","volume":"55","author":"Achenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"zoi260807r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.14084","article-title":"Public water arsenic and birth outcomes in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort.","volume":"8","author":"Nigra","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"zoi260807r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxad010","article-title":"\u201cWe adjusted for race\u201d: now what? a systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.","volume":"45","author":"Swilley-Martinez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"zoi260807r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2430","article-title":"Responding to reviewers and editors about statistical significance testing.","volume":"177","author":"Savitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"zoi260807r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0001319","article-title":"Measurement invariance of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) across race\/ethnicity and sex in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.","volume":"36","author":"Stewart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"zoi260807r3","volume-title":"NTP Monograph on the State of the Science Concerning Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopment and Cognition: A Systematic Review","author":"National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2024"},{"key":"zoi260807r1","unstructured":"National primary drinking water regulations. United States Environmental Protection Agency. November 30, 2015. Accessed October 4, 2025. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ground-water-and-drinking-water\/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations"},{"key":"zoi260807r13","unstructured":"Fluoride. Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health. Accessed October 4, 2025. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Fluoride-HealthProfessional\/"},{"key":"zoi260807r17","unstructured":"Six-Year Review 3 compliance monitoring data (2006-2011). US Environmental Protection Agency. November 1, 2016. Accessed October 4, 2025. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dwsixyearreview\/six-year-review-3-compliance-monitoring-data-2006-2011"},{"key":"zoi260807r21","unstructured":"Achenbach? TM, Rescorla? LA. Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles: Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18, Teacher\u2019s Report Form, Youth Self-Report: An Integrated System of Multi-Informant Assessment. ASEBA; 2001. Accessed July 17, 2026. https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/839848767\/Manual-for-the-ASEBA-School-Age-Forms-Profiles"},{"key":"zoi260807r23","unstructured":"Social Vulnerability Index. Place and health\u2014Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program (GRASP); Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 22, 2024. Accessed October 4, 2025. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/place-health\/php\/svi\/index.html"},{"key":"zoi260807r25","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2024. Accessed December 2025. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"zoi260807r29","unstructured":"Public water system service areas. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed May 15, 2025. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ground-water-and-drinking-water\/public-water-system-service-areas"}],"container-title":["JAMA Network Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/articlepdf\/2853622\/hernandez_2026_oi_260807_1787840908.11536.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:03:50Z","timestamp":1788451430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2853622"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.29389","relation":{},"ISSN":["2574-3805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2574-3805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]}}}