{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:12:09Z","timestamp":1791317529098,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Febrile seizures affect 2% to 5% of children and are associated with substantial parental distress and concerns about the child\u2019s long-term cognitive development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To examine the association between febrile seizures and school performance as measured by standardized tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This is a nationwide register-based cohort study of children born in Denmark (1997-2009) who participated in the Danish National School Test Program from 2010 to 2019 (ages 7-17 years). Data were analyzed from March 2025 to June 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Children with hospital contacts for febrile seizures identified through the Danish National Patient Register.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was performance on norm-based standardized reading (grades 2, 4, 6, and 8) and mathematics (grades 3, 6, and 8) tests, scored as national percentiles (scale, 1-100). Adjusted differences in mean scores were estimated using linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of 672\u202f119 children (344\u202f664 boys [51.3%]; 327\u202f455 girls [48.7%]) participating in testing, 26\u202f173 (3.9%) with a history of febrile seizures were identified. Combined test scores were marginally lower in children who experienced febrile seizures (108\u202f265 tests; mean score, 54.7 points; 95% CI, 54.6 to 54.9 points) than in those who did not (2\u202f684\u202f629 tests; mean score, 55.8 points; 95% CI, 55.7 to 55.8 points), corresponding to an adjusted mean difference of \u22120.4 point (95% CI, \u22120.7 to \u22120.2 point). The difference was slightly more pronounced in girls (\u22120.7 point; 95% CI, \u22121.1 to \u22120.3 point) than in boys (\u22120.2 point; 95% CI, \u22120.5 to 0.2 point). School test performance declined with increasing number of febrile seizure\u2013related hospital contacts, from \u22120.1 point (95% CI, \u22120.4 to 0.2 point) for those with 1 contact to \u22125.8 points (95% CI, \u22129.1 to \u22122.4 points) for those with 7 or more contacts. Epilepsy occurred more frequently in children with a history of febrile seizures (838 of 26\u202f173 children [3.2%]) than in those without (5600 of 645\u202f946 children [0.9%]), and was associated with substantially larger test score differences (children with febrile seizures and epilepsy vs children with neither, \u22127.2 points; 95% CI, \u22128.7 to \u22125.7 points). Test scores were also marginally lower in children with febrile seizures compared with their unaffected siblings (\u22120.6 point; 95% CI, \u22121.0 to \u22120.3 point).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cohort study of more than 26\u202f000 children with febrile seizures, school performance was generally comparable to that of their peers, but a smaller subset (eg, children who had recurrent hospital contacts with febrile seizures or who developed epilepsy) were at risk of poorer academic outcomes and may benefit from additional educational support.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.31273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:01:56Z","timestamp":1789398116000},"page":"e2631273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Febrile Seizures and School Performance"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Julie Werenberg","family":"Dreier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betina B.","family":"Trabjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Wimberley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjarke","family":"Feenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Affiliated Member of EpiCARE, Aarhus, 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