{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:30:25Z","timestamp":1790825425036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impact exposure. CTE can only be diagnosed post mortem, and the antemortem neuropsychological profile is poorly understood, hindering accurate diagnosis before death.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To characterize antemortem neuropsychological test performance of former National Football League (NFL) players with autopsy-confirmed CTE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective case series included former NFL players who completed an antemortem neuropsychological evaluation and had autopsy-confirmed CTE. Data were collected between January 1, 2017, and April 30, 2025. Statistical analysis was performed from September 2025 to June 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n CTE neuropathology, defined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke\/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering consensus panel.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Neuropsychological test performance, neuropathologic diagnoses, and semiquantitative phosphorylated tau (p-tau) pathology across 11 brain regions were examined. Raw scores were converted to\n z<\/jats:italic>\n scores using age, sex, and\/or education level\u2013based normative data. Test results with\n z<\/jats:italic>\n scores of \u22121.5 or less were categorized as impaired; domains with 2 or more impaired test results were considered impaired.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The primary analytic sample included 33 men (mean [SD] age at death, 65.4 [13.3] years; mean [SD] time between testing and death, 2.4 [1.6] years), 25 with high- and 8 with low-stage CTE. Learning and memory was most impaired (17 of 27 [63.0%]), followed by executive function (15 of 29 [51.7%]) and language (12 of 29 [41.4%]). High-stage CTE participants generally had worse scores than low-stage CTE participants. Greater global p-tau burden was associated with worse learning and memory performance (B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.40; 95% CI, \u22120.70 to \u22120.09;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01). Findings were similar after excluding 9 participants with co-occurring Alzheimer disease or frontotemporal lobar degeneration tau.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this retrospective case series of NFL players with autopsy-confirmed CTE, memory, executive function, and language impairments were common, and p-tau burden was associated with worse memory performance. Findings provide insight into the expected CTE neuropsychological profile and may help advance diagnosis before death.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.31754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:00:29Z","timestamp":1788361229000},"page":"e2631754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neuropsychological Profile of Autopsy-Confirmed Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Aaronson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia B.","family":"Nosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Boston University CTE Center, 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