{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:53:06Z","timestamp":1789487586834,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Flavored e-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco product among US youths and young adults. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized only 45 e-cigarette products, while thousands remain under review. Some states have enacted laws permitting sales of non\u2013FDA-authorized products listed on state directories, but the impact of these laws is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the association of directory laws with e-cigarette sales and product availability over time in Alabama, Oklahoma, and Louisiana, the first states to enact these laws.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study applied a synthetic difference-in-differences approach to assess state-level e-cigarette retail sales from the 4-week period ending January 31, 2021, through the 4-week period ending April 20, 2025. Alabama, Oklahoma, and Louisiana were compared with synthetic controls constructed from 31 states without directories, assessing changes before and after directory publication. Data were analyzed August 1, 2025, to July 20, 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Implementation of directory laws.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome consisted of per capita e-cigarette nicotine sales, calculated as units sold\u2009\u00d7\u2009e-liquid volume\u2009\u00d7\u2009nicotine concentration, summed across products per state-month and divided by state population. Product availability was a secondary outcome, defined as the number of distinct products sold monthly in each state. Analyses were conducted overall and stratified by flavor and product type.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 1904 state-month observations were included in the analysis. No associations of e-cigarette nicotine sales or product availability with directory listings were observed in Alabama or Oklahoma, where flavored disposables remained dominant. In Louisiana, the law was associated with a significant reduction in sales relative to synthetic controls (average treatment effect [ATT], \u221238.29% [95% CI, \u221253.10% to \u221218.80%). However, event-study analyses showed this decline was temporary, with the estimated treatment effect equal to \u221219.46% (95% CI, \u221227.32% to \u221210.76%) immediately after publication and reaching \u221263.43% (95% CI, \u221274.32% to \u221247.92%) in July 2024, 8 months after implementation. Sales then rebounded and the decrease became statistically nonsignificant by October 2024 as unlisted flavored disposables and menthol cartridges drove sales. In contrast, product availability in Louisiana declined persistently with an ATT of \u221253.55% (95% CI, \u221265.67% to \u221237.14%). In all states, more than half of sales were for unlisted products by the end of the study period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cross-sectional study, directory laws in early-adopter states did not produce lasting declines in flavored e-cigarette sales. These findings suggest that directory laws instead might divert resources from evidence-based tobacco control strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.33874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:00:20Z","timestamp":1789484420000},"page":"e2633874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["E-Cigarette Directory Laws, Sales, and Product Availability From 3 Early-Adopting US States"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fatma Romeh M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Seaman Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Tynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Marynak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"zoi260923r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntag116","article-title":"Tobacco product use among middle and high school students in the United States: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2025.","author":"Park-Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"zoi260923r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7210a7","article-title":"QuickStats: percentage distribution of cigarette smoking status among current adult e-cigarette 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A, Briones? E, Jamal? A, Marynak? K. Electronic cigarette use among adults in the United States, 2019-2023. National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief 524. January 2025. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/databriefs\/db524.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r4","unstructured":"Monitoring tobacco product use among youth and young adults in the US. CDC Foundation. Data Brief Issue 3. May 2026. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/tobaccomonitoring.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/TEENDataBriefIssue3_051126.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r5","unstructured":"Tobacco products marketing orders. US Food and Drug Administration. December 19, 2025. Accessed January 14, 2026. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/tobacco-products\/market-and-distribute-tobacco-product\/tobacco-products-marketing-orders"},{"key":"zoi260923r6","unstructured":"Perspective: FDA\u2019s progress on tobacco product application review and related enforcement. US Food and Drug Administration. September 9, 2021. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/tobacco-products\/ctp-newsroom\/perspective-fdas-progress-tobacco-product-application-review-and-related-enforcement"},{"key":"zoi260923r7","unstructured":"Searchable tobacco products database. US Food and Drug Administration. Accessed June 14, 2026. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/searchtobacco\/"},{"key":"zoi260923r8","unstructured":"PMTA metrics for acceptance, filling, and review\/action phases. US Food and Drug Administration. September 30, 2025. Accessed January 14, 2026. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/169533\/download?attachment"},{"key":"zoi260923r9","unstructured":"Ali? FR, Boelter? M, Katz? M. National updates on e-cigarette registry laws and implications for public health. Public Health Law Center webinar. November 18, 2025. Accessed January 14, 2026. https:\/\/www.publichealthlawcenter.org\/webinar\/national-updates-e-cigarette-registry-laws-and-implications-public-health"},{"key":"zoi260923r10","unstructured":"National e-cigarette sales brief. CDC Foundation. Data Issue Brief 33. May 2026. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/tobaccomonitoring.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/National-E-Cigarette-Sales-Brief-03.22.26.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r11","unstructured":"State e-cigarette registry bills and what to make of them. Public Health Law Center. February 1, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/www.publichealthlawcenter.org\/commentary\/240201\/2\/1\/24-state-e-cigarette-registry-bills-and-what-make-them"},{"key":"zoi260923r12","unstructured":"Corder? F. Vapes, big tobacco and a new Mississippi registry law. Magnolia Tribune. Published March 24, 2025. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/magnoliatribune.com\/2025\/03\/24\/vapes-big-tobacco-and-a-new-mississippi-registry-law\/"},{"key":"zoi260923r13","unstructured":"2024 First half pre-close conference call transcript. British American Tobacco. June 4, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/www.bat.com\/content\/dam\/batcom\/global\/main-nav\/investors-and-reporting\/results-centre\/pdf\/2024_First_Half_Pre-close_Trading_Update_Transcript.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r15","unstructured":"State e-cigarette registry bill map. Public Health Law Center. February 1, 2024. Accessed June 15, 2026. https:\/\/www.publichealthlawcenter.org\/resources\/state-e-cigarette-registry-bill-map?"},{"key":"zoi260923r16","unstructured":"ATC advisory: enforcement of V.A.P.E. directory will resume March 18, 2024. Louisiana Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control. March 11, 2024. Published March 11, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/atc.louisiana.gov\/media\/ul3bqg45\/24-03-11-atc-advisory_-vape-directory-update-enforcement-resumes-updated.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r17","unstructured":"Florida Attorney General\u2019s Office launches nicotine dispensing device directory, gives retailers until March 1 to remove listed products. Florida Office of the Attorney General. January 28, 2025. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/www.myfloridalegal.com\/newsrelease\/florida-attorney-generals-office-launches-nicotine-dispensing-device-directory-gives"},{"key":"zoi260923r23","unstructured":"Premarket tobacco product applications. US Food and Drug Administration. 21 CFR Part 1114. Updated January 29, 2026. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title-21\/chapter-I\/subchapter-K\/part-1114"},{"key":"zoi260923r28","unstructured":"White? JS, Philbin? M, Max? W. Economic impact analysis of flavored tobacco and no tobacco sales policies: comprehensive report. California Dept of Public Health; University of California, San Francisco. November 8, 2024. Accessed November 10, 2025. https:\/\/www.cdph.ca.gov\/Programs\/CCDPHP\/DCDIC\/CTCB\/CDPH%20Document%20Library\/ResearchandEvaluation\/Reports\/Economic_Impact_Analysis_Comprehensive_Report.pdf?"},{"key":"zoi260923r30","unstructured":"Circana increases CPG market measurement coverage by 15% with MULO+. Press release. Circana. January 17, 2024. Accessed July 8, 2026. https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/circana-increases-cpg-market-measurement-140500843.html"},{"key":"zoi260923r31","unstructured":"Circana expands convenience store coverage, unlocking $15 billion in perishable food insights. Circana. Published November 12, 2025. Accessed July 17, 2026. https:\/\/www.circana.com\/post\/circana-expands-convenience-store-coverage-unlocking-15-billion-in-perishable-food-insights"},{"key":"zoi260923r32","unstructured":"Flavored tobacco sales restrictions: as of June 30, 2025. Truth Initiative. 2025. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/truthinitiative.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/files\/2025\/09\/Flavored-tobacco-sales-restrictions-Q2-2025.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r34","unstructured":"Vapor products tax to increase starting July 1. Louisiana Dept of Revenue. June 28, 2023. Accessed January 20, 2026. https:\/\/revenue.louisiana.gov\/news-and-announcements\/2023\/vapor-products-tax-to-increase-starting-july-1\/"},{"key":"zoi260923r36","unstructured":"Resources: tobacco taxes. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Updated July 15, 2026. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/www.tobaccofreekids.org\/our-work\/tobacco-taxes\/resources-tobacco-taxes"},{"key":"zoi260923r37","unstructured":"US E-cigarette regulation: a 50-state review. Public Health Law Center. June 15, 2025. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/www.publichealthlawcenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-files\/ECigarette-Legal-Landscape-June152025.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r38","unstructured":"State excise tax rates for non-cigarette tobacco products. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. Updated April 22, 2026. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/cdn.tobaccofreekids.org\/resourceFiles\/Fact-Sheets\/US\/0169.pdf"},{"key":"zoi260923r39","unstructured":"State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed July 15, 2026. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/statesystem"},{"key":"zoi260923r40","unstructured":"Local area unemployment statistics (LAUS): state unemployment rates, monthly series, 2021\u20132025. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/lau\/"},{"key":"zoi260923r41","unstructured":"State of tobacco control 2025: proven policies to prevent and reduce tobacco use. American Lung Association. 2025. Accessed December 12, 2025. https:\/\/www.lung.org\/content\/sotc\/2025\/sotc%20historical%20grades%20final%202025.pdf?"},{"key":"zoi260923r44","unstructured":"Ciccia? D. A short note on event-study synthetic difference-in-differences estimators.? arXiv. Preprint posted online November 1, 2024. doi:10.48550\/arXiv.2407.09565?"},{"key":"zoi260923r45","unstructured":"Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) directory. Alabama Dept of Revenue. Accessed July 19, 2026. https:\/\/myalabamataxes.alabama.gov\/tap\/_\/#2"},{"key":"zoi260923r46","unstructured":"Vape attestation list. Oklahoma ABLE Commission. Accessed July 19, 2026. https:\/\/oklahoma.gov\/able-commission\/enforcement\/tobacco-and-vape-information.html"},{"key":"zoi260923r47","unstructured":"VAPE directory & information. Louisiana Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control. Accessed July 19, 2026. https:\/\/atc.louisiana.gov\/resources\/vape-directory-information\/"},{"key":"zoi260923r50","unstructured":"Evidence brief: tobacco industry-sponsored youth prevention programs in schools. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 1, 2019. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/153189"},{"key":"zoi260923r51","unstructured":"2012 Surgeon General\u2019s report: preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012. Accessed February 3, 2026. https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/www_cdc_gov\/tobacco\/sgr\/2012\/index.htm"},{"key":"zoi260923r52","unstructured":"Fiscal Impact Report, SB 1102 (Engrossed). Oklahoma House of Representatives. April 8, 2025. 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