{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:35:08Z","timestamp":1792604108930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Netw Open"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n \n The apolipoprotein E (\n APOE)<\/jats:italic>\n \u03b54 allele increases Alzheimer disease risk. Understanding genotype-specific dietary needs could inform more personalized prevention strategies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To test the hypothesis that higher meat consumption may be associated with cognitive health benefits in individuals with\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes \u03b53\/\u03b54 and \u03b54\/\u03b54 (\n APOE34\/44<\/jats:italic>\n ) and to examine whether this association differs from that in other genotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This population-based cohort study used panel data analyses conducted in January 2025 to January 2026 over 15 years of follow-up in the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care\u2013Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), using strategies aligned with causal inference principles. Recruitment was done in 2001 to 2004 among adults without dementia aged 60 years or older.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n The primary exposure was total meat consumption in grams per total kilocalories assessed via validated food frequency questionnaires. The secondary exposure was the ratio of processed to total meat.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Global cognitive trajectory, measured as change in\n z<\/jats:italic>\n score per 10 years, was analyzed by linear regression. Incident dementia was analyzed using Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs), treating nondementia death as a competing risk.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 2157 older adults without dementia (mean [SD] age 71.2 [9.2] years; 1337 female [62.0%]), 1680 participants had longitudinal cognition data and 569 participants (26.4%) had\n APOE34\/44<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes. During follow-up, 296 participants developed dementia and 690 died without dementia. Among participants with\n APOE34\/44<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes, higher total meat consumption (top vs bottom quintile) was associated with better cognitive trajectories (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.32; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.56;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01) and reduced dementia risk (sHR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.95;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04). No associations were found in participants with\n APOE22\/23\/24\/33<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes (cognitive trajectory: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u20130.11; 95% CI, \u20130.27 to 0.06;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.20; dementia: sHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.57 to 1.61;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.86).\n P<\/jats:italic>\n values for\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n interaction were .004 for cognition and .10 for dementia. In the top quintile of meat consumption, dementia risk and cognitive decline were similar between\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n strata. A higher ratio of processed to total meat was unfavorably associated with dementia (sHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04), showing no\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n interaction and no substantial difference between unprocessed red meat and poultry. Post hoc analyses suggested concordant\n APOE<\/jats:italic>\n interaction for all-cause mortality (unprocessed meat exposure,\n APOE34\/44<\/jats:italic>\n : HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.99;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n for interaction\u2009=\u2009.03).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n In this study, higher meat consumption was associated with better cognitive trajectories and lower dementia risk among individuals with\n APOE34\/44<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes. The expected cognitive disadvantage among individuals with\n APOE34\/44<\/jats:italic>\n genotypes was not observed at high meat consumption, suggesting clinical and public health relevance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.6489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:30:43Z","timestamp":1773934243000},"page":"e266489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Meat Consumption and Cognitive Health by\n APOE<\/i>\n Genotype"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Norgren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Carballo-Casla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and 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