{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:07:48Z","timestamp":1792757268629,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.3762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T11:39:49Z","timestamp":1574077189000},"page":"164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Minocycline at 2 Different Dosages vs Placebo for Patients With Mild Alzheimer Disease"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Howard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Zubko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Old Age Psychiatry, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosie","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Pank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naji","family":"Tabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gill","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bentham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"McShane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Lovestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Nilforooshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surrey and Borders Partnership National Health Service Foundation Trust, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Minocycline in Alzheimer Disease Efficacy (MADE) Trialist Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"noi190089r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.2015.995638","article-title":"A pivotal moment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia: how global unity of purpose and action can beat the disease by 2025.","volume":"15","author":"Vradenburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi190089r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.006","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk genes and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.","volume":"77","author":"Karch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"noi190089r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00625","article-title":"In vivo imaging of glial activation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"9","author":"Edison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"noi190089r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.014","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: innate immunity gone awry?","volume":"69S","author":"VanItallie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi190089r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-014-0101-6","article-title":"Microglial A\u00df receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi190089r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi190089r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3869","article-title":"Drug repositioning for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Corbett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"18","key":"noi190089r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.2174\/15680266113136660162","article-title":"Discovering new treatments for Alzheimer\u2019s disease by repurposing approved medications.","volume":"13","author":"Appleby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi190089r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1098-1136","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of minocycline on amyloid beta fibril formation and human microglial activation.","volume":"53","author":"Familian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi190089r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1098-1136","article-title":"Minocycline affects microglia activation, A\u00df deposition, and behavior in APP-tg mice.","volume":"53","author":"Seabrook","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi190089r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-113795","article-title":"Minocycline reduces the development of abnormal tau species in models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"23","author":"Noble","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"noi190089r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-62","article-title":"Minocycline corrects early, pre-plaque neuroinflammation and inhibits BACE-1 in a transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013like amyloid pathology.","volume":"9","author":"Ferretti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi190089r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000330363","article-title":"Inhibition of microglial activation protects hippocampal neurogenesis and improves cognitive deficits in a transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"9","author":"Biscaro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis"},{"key":"noi190089r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.03.010","article-title":"Minocycline reduces inflammatory parameters in the brain structures and serum and reverses memory impairment caused by the administration of amyloid \u00df (1-42) in mice.","volume":"77","author":"Garcez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi190089r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301377","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates neuronal cell death and improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease models.","volume":"32","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi190089r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging\u2013Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"noi190089r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610297004754","article-title":"A guide to the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination.","volume":"9","author":"Molloy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi190089r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/25.2.113","article-title":"Assessment of activities of daily living in dementia: development of the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale.","volume":"25","author":"Bucks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"20","key":"noi190089r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi190089r21","first-page":"39","article-title":"Clinical trials in psychiatry: should protocol deviation censor patient data?","volume":"6","author":"Lavori","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi190089r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0239-z","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a treatment for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment effect.","volume":"32","author":"Miguel-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi190089r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.2.227","article-title":"Inverse association of anti-inflammatory treatments and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: initial results of a co-twin control study.","volume":"44","author":"Breitner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi190089r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.013","article-title":"NSAIDs and Alzheimer disease: epidemiological, animal model and clinical studies.","volume":"28","author":"McGeer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi190089r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70270-3","article-title":"Efficacy of minocycline in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase III randomised trial.","volume":"6","author":"Gordon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"noi190089r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.v25:13","article-title":"A futility study of minocycline in Huntington\u2019s disease.","volume":"25","author":"Huntington Study Group DOMINO Investigators","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi190089r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22732","article-title":"Minocycline 1-year therapy in multiple-system-atrophy: effect on clinical symptoms and [(11)C] (R)-PK11195 PET (MEMSA-trial).","volume":"25","author":"Dodel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi190089r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30345-6","article-title":"The benefit of minocycline on negative symptoms of schizophrenia in patients with recent-onset psychosis (BeneMin): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"5","author":"Deakin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"22","key":"noi190089r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608889","article-title":"Trial of minocycline in a clinically isolated syndrome of multiple sclerosis.","volume":"376","author":"Metz","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi190089r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.191","article-title":"Prospects for minocycline neuroprotection.","volume":"67","author":"Plane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi190089r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx339","article-title":"Minocycline reduces chronic microglial activation after brain trauma but increases neurodegeneration.","volume":"141","author":"Scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"noi190089r1","volume-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2015: The Global Impact of Dementia","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["JAMA Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/articlepdf\/2755279\/jamaneurology_howard_2019_oi_190089.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1581332526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/fullarticle\/2755279"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.3762","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]}}}