{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T02:13:33Z","timestamp":1791598413709,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T15:40:13Z","timestamp":1592235613000},"page":"1089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Hookworm Treatment for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Radu","family":"Tanasescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Tench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Nottingham BRC, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cris S.","family":"Constantinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Telford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Regulation Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanci","family":"Frakich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Onion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Facilities, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee P.","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Nottingham BRC, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Evangelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Falah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Ranshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Regulation Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Cantacessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David I.","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Regulation Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"10130","key":"noi200024r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30481-1","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis.","volume":"391","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi200024r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020100","article-title":"The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases.","volume":"347","author":"Bach","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"noi200024r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387827-4.00003-6","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in infection.","volume":"112","author":"Maizels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi200024r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247663.40297.2d","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and the hygiene hypothesis.","volume":"67","author":"Fleming","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi200024r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.672","article-title":"The relative influence of polyparasitism, environment, and host factors on schistosome infection.","volume":"77","author":"de C\u00e1ssia Ribeiro Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi200024r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21067","article-title":"Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis.","volume":"61","author":"Correale","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi200024r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12407","article-title":"Nematodes and human therapeutic trials for inflammatory disease.","volume":"39","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi200024r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511398054","article-title":"Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study.","volume":"17","author":"Fleming","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi200024r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X11000460","article-title":"Immune monitoring of Trichuris suis egg therapy in multiple sclerosis patients.","volume":"86","author":"Benzel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"issue":"13","key":"noi200024r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514568173","article-title":"Trichuris suis ova therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis is safe but without signals of beneficial effect.","volume":"21","author":"Voldsgaard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517736377","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of helminth treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Results of the HINT 2 clinical trial.","volume":"25","author":"Fleming","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"noi200024r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-264","article-title":"The landscape of human genes involved in the immune response to parasitic worms.","volume":"10","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi200024r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90038-Z","article-title":"Hookworm (Necator americanus) infection and storage iron depletion.","volume":"85","author":"Pritchard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi200024r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.10.002","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture.","volume":"19","author":"de Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"noi200024r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00727.x","article-title":"The immunoepidemiology of human hookworm infection.","volume":"26","author":"Quinnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi200024r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0695-68","article-title":"Hookworm infection.","volume":"272","author":"Hotez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi200024r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.914","article-title":"Dose-ranging study for trials of therapeutic infection with Necator americanus in humans.","volume":"75","author":"Mortimer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi200024r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0237","article-title":"Immunologic profiles of persons recruited for a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hookworm infection.","volume":"81","author":"Blount","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.079129","article-title":"A proof of concept study establishing Necator americanus in Crohn\u2019s patients and reservoir donors.","volume":"55","author":"Croese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032","article-title":"Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.","volume":"50","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"pt 11","key":"noi200024r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2059","article-title":"Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.","volume":"120","author":"Barkhof","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi200024r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS).","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"noi200024r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.01.002","article-title":"The impact of parasite infections on the course of multiple sclerosis.","volume":"233","author":"Correale","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.1.50","article-title":"Exploratory treatment trials in multiple sclerosis using MRI: sample size calculations for relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive subgroups using placebo controlled parallel groups.","volume":"64","author":"Tubridy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1146456180","article-title":"Various methods of resolving ties for six distribution-free tests of location.","volume":"5","author":"Fay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Mod Appl Stat Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1145-x","article-title":"Effect of interferon beta-1a subcutaneously three times weekly on clinical and radiological measures and no evidence of disease activity status in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at year 1.","volume":"18","author":"Traboulsee","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi200024r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909494","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis.","volume":"362","author":"Kappos","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi200024r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.730614","article-title":"Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of regulatory T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: comparative assessment of various markers and use of novel antibody panel with CD127 as alternative to transcription factor FoxP3.","volume":"54","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"noi200024r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.07.001","article-title":"Rapid assessment of in vitro expanded human regulatory T cell function.","volume":"372","author":"Ruitenberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi200024r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400927","article-title":"Helminth infections decrease host susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.","volume":"193","author":"Weinstock","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636435","article-title":"Transient expression of FOXP3 in human activated nonregulatory CD4+ T cells.","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi200024r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12169","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in autoimmune neuroinflammation.","volume":"259","author":"Kleinewietfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi200024r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/2319-4170.128746","article-title":"The essential role of T cells in multiple sclerosis: a reappraisal.","volume":"37","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"issue":"9","key":"noi200024r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu256","article-title":"Impact of experimental hookworm infection on the human gut microbiota.","volume":"210","author":"Cantacessi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"noi200024r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1161-5_18","article-title":"Regulatory B cells, helminths, and multiple sclerosis.","volume":"1190","author":"Correale","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi200024r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420307","article-title":"Immune deviation following pulse cyclophosphamide\/methylprednisolone treatment of multiple sclerosis: increased interleukin-4 production and associated eosinophilia.","volume":"42","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi200024r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501820","article-title":"Helminth products protect against autoimmunity via innate type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-33, which promote eosinophilia.","volume":"196","author":"Finlay","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["JAMA Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/articlepdf\/2767084\/jamaneurology_tanasescu_2020_oi_200024_1598965153.80656.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T15:03:23Z","timestamp":1600095803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/fullarticle\/2767084"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1118","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}}}