{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:37:51Z","timestamp":1791959871141,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-noi220061-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biomarkers are lacking that can discriminate frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) associated with tau (FTLD-tau) or TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi220061-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test whether plasma biomarkers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), or their ratio (GFAP\/NfL) differ between FTLD-tau and FTLD-TDP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi220061-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cross-sectional study included data from 2009 to 2020 from the University of Pennsylvania Integrated Neurodegenerative Disease Database, with a median (IQR) follow-up duration of 2 (0.3-4.2) years. The training sample was composed of patients with autopsy-confirmed and familial FTLD; nonimpaired controls were included as a reference group. The independent validation sample included patients with FTD with a clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS) associated with tau (PSPS-tau) or amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with TDP-43 (ALS-TDP). In patients with FTLD with autopsy-confirmed or variant-confirmed pathology, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves tested the GFAP\/NfL ratio and established a pathology-confirmed cut point. The cut point was validated in an independent sample of patients with clinical frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Data were analyzed from February to July 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi220061-7\"><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical, postmortem histopathological assessments, and plasma collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi220061-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>ROC and area under the ROC curve (AUC) with 90% CIs evaluated discrimination of pure FTLD-tau from pure FTLD-TDP using plasma GFAP\/NfL ratio; the Youden index established optimal cut points. Sensitivity and specificity of cut points were assessed in an independent validation sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi220061-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 349 participants with available plasma data, 234 met inclusion criteria (31 controls, 141 in the training sample, and 62 in the validation sample). In the training sample, patients with FTLD-tau were older than patients with FTLD-TDP (FTLD-tau: n\u2009=\u200946; mean [SD] age, 65.8 [8.29] years; FTLD-TDP: n\u2009=\u200995; mean [SD] age, 62.3 [7.82] years; <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>84.6<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20092.45; mean difference, 3.57; 95% CI, 0.67-6.48; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) but with similar sex distribution (FTLD-tau: 27 of 46 [59%] were male; FTLD-TDP: 51 of 95 [54%] were male; \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.14; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.70). In the validation sample, patients with PSPS-tau were older than those with ALS-TDP (PSPS-tau: n\u2009=\u200931; mean [SD] age, 69.3 [7.35] years; ALS-TDP: n\u2009=\u200931; mean [SD] age, 54.6 [10.17] years; <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>54.6<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20096.53; mean difference, 14.71; 95% CI, 10.19-19.23; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) and had fewer patients who were male (PSPS-tau: 9 of 31 [29%] were male; ALS-TDP: 22 of 31 [71%] were male; \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20099.3; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002). ROC revealed excellent discrimination of FTLD-tau from FTLD-TDP by plasma GFAP\/NfL ratio (AUC\u2009=\u20090.89; 90% CI, 0.82-0.95; sensitivity\u2009=\u20090.73; 90% CI, 0.65-0.89; specificity\u2009=\u20090.89; 90% CI, 0.78-0.98), which was higher than either GFAP level alone (AUC\u2009=\u20090.65; 90% CI, 0.54-0.76) or NfL levels alone (AUC\u2009=\u20090.75; 90% CI, 0.64-0.85). In the validation sample, there was sensitivity of 0.84 (90% CI, 0.66-0.94) and specificity of 0.81 (90% CI, 0.62-0.91) when applying the autopsy-derived plasma GFAP\/NfL threshold.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi220061-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The plasma ratio of GFAP\/NfL may discriminate FTLD-tau from FTLD-TDP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T15:24:47Z","timestamp":1665415487000},"page":"1155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Distinguishing Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Tau From TDP-43 Using Plasma Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Katheryn A. Q.","family":"Cousins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie M.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Chen-Plotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Wolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivianna M.","family":"Van Deerlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey T.","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"noi220061r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.212225","article-title":"Clinical, genetic and pathological heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementia: a review.","volume":"82","author":"Seelaar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi220061r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.2015.41.issue-7","article-title":"Review: an update on clinical, genetic and pathological aspects of frontotemporal lobar degenerations.","volume":"41","author":"Lashley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.v16.1","article-title":"Tracking disease progression in familial and sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration: recent findings from ARTFL and LEFFTDS.","volume":"16","author":"Rosen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA Research Framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi220061r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26987","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: The Movement Disorder Society Criteria.","volume":"32","author":"H\u00f6glinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"noi220061r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.004","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis features predict TDP-43 pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"107","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi220061r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.v59:6","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia: clinicopathological correlations.","volume":"59","author":"Forman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi220061r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0839-6","article-title":"Neuropathological background of phenotypical variability in frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"122","author":"Josephs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi220061r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa097","article-title":"Redefining the multidimensional clinical phenotypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes.","volume":"143","author":"Murley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi220061r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.v87.6","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia: correlations between psychiatric symptoms and pathology.","volume":"87","author":"Scarioni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"noi220061r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09363-4","article-title":"An update on genetic frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"266","author":"Greaves","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi220061r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327497","article-title":"Preparing for the age of therapeutic trials in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"93","author":"Irwin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"noi220061r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12643","article-title":"New developments of biofluid-based biomarkers for routine diagnosis and disease trajectories in frontotemporal dementia.","author":"Del Campo","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi220061r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0118","article-title":"A 2-step cerebrospinal algorithm for the selection of frontotemporal lobar degeneration subtypes.","volume":"75","author":"Lle\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi220061r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.v82.2","article-title":"Ante mortem cerebrospinal fluid tau levels correlate with postmortem tau pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"82","author":"Irwin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6064","article-title":"Phosphorylated tau as a candidate biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"71","author":"Grossman","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"noi220061r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.971812","article-title":"Csf p-tau181\/tau ratio as biomarker for TDP pathology in frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"16","author":"Borroni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"issue":"14","key":"noi220061r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1231","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005261","article-title":"Clinical value of neurofilament and phospho-tau\/tau ratio in the frontotemporal dementia spectrum.","volume":"90","author":"Meeter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi220061r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180409","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with frontotemporal dementia spectrum: a single-center study.","volume":"66","author":"Abu-Rumeileh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2015.11.001","article-title":"Discriminative and prognostic potential of cerebrospinal fluid phosphoTau\/tau ratio and neurofilaments for frontotemporal dementia subtypes.","volume":"1","author":"Pijnenburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi220061r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1151-4","article-title":"Longitudinal change in CSF Tau and A\u00df biomarkers for up to 48 months in ADNI.","volume":"126","author":"Toledo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi220061r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321954","article-title":"Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein is raised in progranulin-associated frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"91","author":"Heller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi220061r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e671","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011226","article-title":"Plasma tau and neurofilament light in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer disease.","volume":"96","author":"Ill\u00e1n-Gala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"noi220061r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007677003387","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP-thirty-one years (1969-2000).","volume":"25","author":"Eng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi220061r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.1994.4.issue-3","article-title":"GFAP and astrogliosis.","volume":"4","author":"Eng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"noi220061r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0058-z","article-title":"Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders.","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.08.233","article-title":"Building an integrated neurodegenerative disease database at an academic health center.","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.06.003","article-title":"A platform for discovery: the University of Pennsylvania Integrated Neurodegenerative Disease biobank.","volume":"10","author":"Toledo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1827-x","article-title":"Integrated neurodegenerative disease autopsy diagnosis.","volume":"135","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"noi220061r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13654","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of sporadic and familial forms of frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"138","author":"Woollacott","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi220061r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa165","article-title":"ATN status in amnestic and non-amnestic Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"143","author":"Cousins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi220061r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.3956","article-title":"Development and validation of pedigree classification criteria for frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"70","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi220061r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9589-0","article-title":"Neuropathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau (FTLD-tau).","volume":"45","author":"Dickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0845-8","article-title":"A harmonized classification system for FTLD-TDP pathology.","volume":"122","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0910-3","article-title":"National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a practical approach.","volume":"123","author":"Montine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium.","volume":"89","author":"McKeith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1679-9","article-title":"Expansion of the classification of FTLD-TDP: distinct pathology associated with rapidly progressive frontotemporal degeneration.","volume":"134","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"7S","key":"noi220061r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.3262","article-title":"P3-232: Validation studies of neurofilament light and a\u00df-40 and a\u00df-42 assays in human plasma using the Simoa platform.","volume":"15","author":"Waligorska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"13","key":"noi220061r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003154","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain protein is a measure of disease intensity in frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"87","author":"Rohrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01137-1","article-title":"Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein is elevated in cognitively normal older adults at risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"11","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/(ISSN)1531-8249","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer\u2019s disease neuroimaging initiative subjects.","volume":"65","author":"Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.v13.1","article-title":"Concordance of CSF measures of Alzheimer\u2019s pathology with amyloid PET status in a preclinical cohort: a comparison of Lumipulse and established immunoassays.","volume":"13","author":"Keshavan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi220061r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0808-0","article-title":"Qualification of the analytical and clinical performance of CSF biomarker analyses in ADNI.","volume":"121","author":"Shaw","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi220061r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v098.i11","article-title":"Cutpointr: improved estimation and validation of optimal cutpoints in R.","volume":"98","author":"Thiele","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"56","key":"noi220061r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.21105\/joss","article-title":"effectsize: estimation of effect size indices and standardized parameters.","volume":"5","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.8.4.434","article-title":"Generalized eta and omega squared statistics: measures of effect size for some common research designs.","volume":"8","author":"Olejnik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi220061r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab223","article-title":"Plasma GFAP is an early marker of amyloid-\u00df but not tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"144","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23620-z","article-title":"A multicentre validation study of the diagnostic value of plasma neurofilament light.","volume":"12","author":"Ashton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"22","key":"noi220061r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001642","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain: a prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"84","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15","key":"noi220061r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1466","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012632","article-title":"Prediagnostic neurofilament light chain levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"97","author":"Bjornevik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"noi220061r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2019.08.009","article-title":"The diagnostic performance of neurofilament light chain in CSF and blood for Alzheimer\u2019s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"Forgrave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01129-2","article-title":"Frontotemporal lobar degeneration proteinopathies have disparate microscopic patterns of white and grey matter pathology.","volume":"9","author":"Giannini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi220061r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02402-3","article-title":"Signature laminar distributions of pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"143","author":"Ohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"noi220061r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0231-z","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"15","author":"Bright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"noi220061r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.005","article-title":"Glial profiling of human tauopathy brain demonstrates enrichment of astrocytic transcripts in tau-related frontotemporal degeneration.","volume":"112","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi220061r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13399","article-title":"Glial fibrillar acidic protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"136","author":"Ishiki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-021-00275-w","article-title":"Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi220061r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.v17.7","article-title":"The diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"17","author":"Simr\u00e9n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi220061r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3671","article-title":"Differences between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels across the Alzheimer Disease Continuum.","volume":"78","author":"Benedet","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi220061r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-021-00804-9","article-title":"Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein detects Alzheimer pathology and predicts future conversion to Alzheimer dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment.","volume":"13","author":"Cicognola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi220061r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab382","article-title":"A data-driven disease progression model of fluid biomarkers in genetic frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"145","author":"van der Ende","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"18","key":"noi220061r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2296","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011848","article-title":"Plasma neurofilament light for prediction of disease progression in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"96","author":"Rojas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi220061r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325085","article-title":"Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain are measures of disease severity in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.","volume":"92","author":"Heller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"pt 3","key":"noi220061r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.484","article-title":"Atypical and typical presentations of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a clinical, neuropsychological, neuroimaging and pathological study of 13 cases.","volume":"123","author":"Galton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi220061r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285291600047X","article-title":"Approach to atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease and case studies of the major subtypes.","volume":"22","author":"Dickerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi220061r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30440-3","article-title":"New insights into atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease in the era of biomarkers.","volume":"20","author":"Graff-Radford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"noi220061r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.v92.5","article-title":"Elevated plasma phosphorylated tau 181 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","author":"Cousins","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"noi220061r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51140-1_9","volume-title":"Frontotemporal Dementias: Emerging Milestones of the 21st Century","author":"van der Ende","year":"2021"},{"key":"noi220061r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tropea? TF, Waligorska? T, Xie? SX, . Plasma phosphorylated Tau181 is a biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology and associated with cognitive and functional decline.? SSRN. Preprint posted online January 20, 2022. doi:10.2139\/ssrn.4007185","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4007185"}],"container-title":["JAMA Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/articlepdf\/2796817\/jamaneurology_cousins_2022_oi_220061_1667929360.10119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T16:07:24Z","timestamp":1668442044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/fullarticle\/2796817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3265","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}}}