{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:27:18Z","timestamp":1791919638598,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-noi240042-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Itching is common in geriatric populations and is frequently linked to dermatological or systemic conditions. Itching engages specific brain regions that are implicated in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum disorders (FTLD-SD). Thus, itching of undetermined origin (IUO) may indicate the presence of a neurodegenerative process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi240042-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the frequency of itching in FTLD-SD and Alzheimer disease (AD) and to determine the neuroanatomical underpinnings of IUO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi240042-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case-control study evaluated data and brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) for participants with FTLD-SD or AD. Participants of a research study on FTLD-SD at the University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center were evaluated from May 1, 2002, to December 31, 2021. The exposure group underwent structural brain MRI within 6 months of initial diagnosis. Research visit summaries were reviewed to validate qualitative details and accurately identify itching with undetermined origin (IUO).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi240042-7\"><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptoms suggestive of FTLD-SD or AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi240042-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frequency of itching in FTLD-SD and AD and neuroanatomic correlates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi240042-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2091 research visit summaries were reviewed for 1112 patients exhibiting symptoms indicative of FTLD-SD or AD. From 795 records where itching or a related phrase was endorsed, 137 had IUO. A total of 454 participants were included in the study: 137 in the itching group (mean [SD] age, 62.7 [9.9] years; 74 [54%] females and 63 males [46%]) and 317 in the nonitching group (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [10.8] years; 154 [49%] females and 163 males [51%]). Groups were similar in age, sex, and disease severity. More frequent itching was found in FTLD-SD (95\/248 patients [38%], of which 44 [46%] had behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia [bvFTD]) compared with the AD group (14\/77 patients [18%]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001). The odds of itching were 2.4 (95% CI, 1.48-3.97) times higher for FTLD-SD compared with all other cases of dementia. Compared with healthy controls, the group with IUO exhibited greater gray matter atrophy bilaterally in the amygdala, insula, precentral gyrus, and cingulum, as well as in the right frontal superior gyrus and thalamus. Among patients with bvFTD and itching vs bvFTD without itching, itching was associated with right-lateralized gray matter atrophy affecting the insula, thalamus, superior frontal gyrus, and cingulum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-noi240042-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among individuals with IUO, FTLD-SD was disproportionately represented compared with AD. In FTLD-SD, dysfunction in the right anterior insula and its connected regions, including the right precentral gyrus, cingulum, and bilateral amygdala, contribute to dysregulation of the itching-scratching networks, resulting in uncontrollable itching or skin picking. Awareness among physicians about the relationship between neurodegeneration and itching may help in the management of itch in older individuals. Further studies are needed to determine the best treatments for these symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.2213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T15:02:42Z","timestamp":1721660562000},"page":"977","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Itching Frequency and Neuroanatomic Correlates in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Rafi","family":"Hadad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke and Cognition Institute, Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Mandelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Toohey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia E.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shireen","family":"Javandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andjelika","family":"Milicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marguerite","family":"Knudtson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Elaine","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adit","family":"Friedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Possin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Valcour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"},{"name":"Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"noi240042r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1968","article-title":"Itch prevalence and characteristics in a Hispanic geriatric population: a comprehensive study using a standardized itch questionnaire.","volume":"95","author":"Valdes-Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi240042r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2007.11.015","article-title":"Scratching the surface\u2013managing the itch associated with burns: a review of current knowledge.","volume":"34","author":"Brooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"noi240042r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-7-62","article-title":"The impact of itch symptoms in psoriasis: results from physician interviews and patient focus groups.","volume":"7","author":"Globe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"9358","key":"noi240042r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12570-6","article-title":"Itch.","volume":"361","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi240042r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0305","article-title":"Clinical classification of itch: a position paper of the International Forum for the Study of Itch.","volume":"87","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi240042r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082389","article-title":"Brain\u2019s reward circuits mediate itch relief: a functional MRI study of active scratching.","volume":"8","author":"Papoiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi240042r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.099","article-title":"A tale of two itches:common features and notable differences in brain activation evoked by cowhage and histamine induced itch.","volume":"59","author":"Papoiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi240042r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00207.2009","article-title":"Cerebral representation of the relief of itch by scratching.","volume":"102","author":"Vierow","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi240042r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.12.003","article-title":"Significant differences in central imaging of histamine-induced itch between atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects.","volume":"12","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi240042r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00070.2006","article-title":"Itch and motivation to scratch: an investigation of the central and peripheral correlates of allergen- and histamine-induced itch in humans.","volume":"97","author":"Leknes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi240042r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09308.x","article-title":"Distinct patterns of brain activity evoked by histamine-induced itch reveal an association with itch intensity and disease severity in atopic dermatitis.","volume":"161","author":"Ishiuji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi240042r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/c58aebe3-8f01-4c14-991a-c229e35b8f74","article-title":"Correction: brain\u2019s reward circuits mediate itch relief: a functional MRI study of active scratching.","volume":"9","author":"Papoiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"noi240042r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0255-z","article-title":"A link between the systems: functional differentiation and integration within the human insula revealed by meta-analysis.","volume":"214","author":"Kurth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi240042r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00827.2013","article-title":"Voxel-based morphometry and arterial spin labeling fMRI reveal neuropathic and neuroplastic features of brain processing of itch in end-stage renal disease.","volume":"112","author":"Papoiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi240042r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv308","article-title":"The corticocortical structural connectivity of the human insula.","volume":"27","author":"Ghaziri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"noi240042r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0","article-title":"Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function.","volume":"214","author":"Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi240042r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.012","article-title":"Dissociable large-scale networks anchored in the right anterior insula subserve affective experience and attention.","volume":"60","author":"Touroutoglou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi240042r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.01.008","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"35","author":"Olney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"pt 11","key":"noi240042r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh628","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural disorders in dementia.","volume":"128","author":"Rosen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"pt 9","key":"noi240042r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179","article-title":"Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"134","author":"Rascovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi240042r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6","article-title":"Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants.","volume":"76","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi240042r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f0fd1","article-title":"Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration.","volume":"80","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi240042r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26987","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the Movement Disorder Society criteria.","volume":"32","author":"H\u00f6glinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi240042r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536","article-title":"El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","volume":"1","author":"Brooks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi240042r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1546","article-title":"Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria.","volume":"51","author":"Neary","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi240042r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459","article-title":"Movement Disorders Society Scientific Issues Committee report: SIC Task Force appraisal of clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinsonian disorders.","volume":"18","author":"Litvan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi240042r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.1","article-title":"Clinical research criteria for the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome): report of the NINDS-SPSP international workshop.","volume":"47","author":"Litvan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi240042r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi240042r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003","article-title":"Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"7","author":"Sperling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"8","key":"noi240042r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70178-3","article-title":"Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: revising the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria.","volume":"6","author":"Dubois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi240042r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10825","article-title":"Cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia.","volume":"55","author":"Gorno-Tempini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi240042r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.07.240","article-title":"C-reactive protein is related to memory and medial temporal brain volume in older adults.","volume":"26","author":"Bettcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"noi240042r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/546871","article-title":"Joint assessment of structural, perfusion, and diffusion MRI in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"2011","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi240042r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24613","article-title":"A longitudinal characterization of perfusion in the aging brain and associations with cognition and neural structure.","volume":"40","author":"Staffaroni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"noi240042r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.007","article-title":"Cognitive aging is not created equally: differentiating unique cognitive phenotypes in \u201cnormal\u201d adults.","volume":"77","author":"Casaletto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi240042r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018","article-title":"Unified segmentation.","volume":"26","author":"Ashburner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi240042r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.049","article-title":"Diffeomorphic registration using geodesic shooting and Gauss-Newton optimisation.","volume":"55","author":"Ashburner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7","key":"noi240042r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.3","article-title":"The brain processing of scratching.","volume":"128","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"noi240042r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh628","article-title":"Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural disorders in dementia.","volume":"128","author":"Rosen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi240042r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.198","article-title":"Patterns of brain atrophy in frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia.","volume":"58","author":"Rosen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi240042r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.241","article-title":"White matter abnormalities in skin picking disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.","volume":"38","author":"Grant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi240042r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12040508","article-title":"Skin picking disorder.","volume":"169","author":"Grant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"noi240042r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5029","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700477114","article-title":"Microglial NF?B-TNFa hyperactivation induces obsessive-compulsive behavior in mouse models of progranulin-deficient frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"114","author":"Krabbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"noi240042r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23722","article-title":"Mouse models of frontotemporal dementia.","volume":"72","author":"Roberson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"noi240042r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body.","volume":"3","author":"Craig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"noi240042r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00167","article-title":"Itch processing in the skin.","volume":"6","author":"Schmelz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"noi240042r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.643006","article-title":"How do neurons signal itch?","volume":"8","author":"Schmelz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi240042r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-023-01020-2","article-title":"Altered brain metabolism in frontotemporal dementia and psychiatric disorders: involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex.","volume":"13","author":"van Engelen","year":"2023","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi240042r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.6.2.176","article-title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorders in Pick\u2019s disease.","volume":"6","author":"Tonkonogy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"noi240042r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.07.004","article-title":"Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometric and fMRI study of the whole brain.","volume":"313","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"noi240042r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950170067009","article-title":"Reduced caudate nucleus volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"52","author":"Robinson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi240042r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70311-X","article-title":"Tourette syndrome: phenomenology and classification of tics.","volume":"15","author":"Jankovic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"noi240042r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.18060148","article-title":"Repetitive behaviors in frontotemporal dementia: compulsions or impulsions?","volume":"31","author":"Moheb","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"noi240042r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0128-7","article-title":"Delusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration.","volume":"256","author":"Omar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"noi240042r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30298-5","article-title":"Psychotropic agents in dermatology.","volume":"11","author":"Koo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"noi240042r58","first-page":"1873","article-title":"Psycho dermatology: the mind and skin connection.","volume":"64","author":"Koo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"12","key":"noi240042r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.141.12.1507","article-title":"Efficacy of gabapentin in the management of pruritus of unknown origin.","volume":"141","author":"Yesudian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"noi240042r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00513-z","article-title":"Gabapentinoids for pruritus in older adults: a narrative review.","volume":"11","author":"Sreekantaswamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"noi240042r6","volume-title":"Itch: Management in Clinical Practice","author":"St\u00e4nder","year":"2016"},{"key":"noi240042r13","volume-title":"Itch: Mechanisms and Treatment","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["JAMA Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/articlepdf\/2821069\/jamaneurology_hadad_2024_oi_240042_1725483564.71565.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T15:07:41Z","timestamp":1725894461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/fullarticle\/2821069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.2213","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}