{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:52:19Z","timestamp":1792090339974,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-crv220008-1\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease that is characterized by rapid growth and the early development of metastases. Patients typically respond to initial chemotherapy but quickly experience relapse, resulting in a poor long-term outcome. Therapeutic innovations that substantially improve survival have historically been limited, and reliable, predictive biomarkers are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-crv220008-2\"><jats:title>Observations<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review examines the biologic characteristics of SCLC, the current treatment landscape, and ongoing efforts to identify novel therapeutic targets. Ongoing research has advanced the understanding of molecular categories and the immunologic microenvironment of SCLC, which in turn has helped improve disease classification and staging. Recently, immunotherapy-based regimens have become available for the management of SCLC, with 2 programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitors approved in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of extensive-stage disease. For second-line treatment, a novel alkylating agent, lurbinectedin, which inhibits oncogenic transcription, has been approved for use in patients with metastatic SCLC. Furthermore, a wide variety of therapies and innovative combination regimens are being continuously evaluated. Potential therapeutic strategies, including aurora kinase A inhibitors, polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitors, delta-like protein 3 agents, antiganglioside agents, CD47 inhibitors, and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1a inhibitors, are also being examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-crv220008-3\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therapeutic optimization of SCLC remains a challenge, but recent trial results and drug approvals are encouraging. Advances in research have revealed critical information regarding biologic characteristics of the disease, which may lead to the identification of vulnerabilities and the development of new therapies. Further research focused on identifying biomarkers and evaluating innovative therapies will be paramount to improving treatment outcomes for patients with SCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.5631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T16:04:27Z","timestamp":1671120267000},"page":"419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"W. Jeffrey","family":"Petty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Paz-Ares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"H120-CNIO Lung Cancer Unit, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red C\u00e1ncer, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"crv220008r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01240-8","article-title":"In search of the long-desired \u2018copernican therapeutic revolution\u2019 in small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"80","author":"Reguart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"14","key":"crv220008r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.40.4905","article-title":"Carboplatin- or cisplatin-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: the COCIS meta-analysis of individual patient data.","volume":"30","author":"Rossi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"crv220008r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0025","article-title":"Non\u2013small cell lung cancer, version 3.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.","volume":"20","author":"Ettinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"23","key":"crv220008r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809064","article-title":"First-line atezolizumab plus chemotherapy in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"379","author":"Horn","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10212","key":"crv220008r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32222-6","article-title":"Durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial.","volume":"394","author":"Paz-Ares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"crv220008r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0133-9","article-title":"Molecular subtypes of small cell lung cancer: a synthesis of human and mouse model data.","volume":"19","author":"Rudin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"crv220008r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2396","article-title":"Integrative genome analyses identify key somatic driver mutations of small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"44","author":"Peifer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"7563","key":"crv220008r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14664","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic profiles of small cell lung cancer.","volume":"524","author":"George","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"crv220008r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2405","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis identifies SOX2 as a frequently amplified gene in small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"44","author":"Rudin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"crv220008r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.12.014","article-title":"Patterns of transcription factor programs and immune pathway activation define four major subtypes of SCLC with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities.","volume":"39","author":"Gay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"crv220008r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8569","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.8569","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer: the immune microenvironment and prognostic impact of checkpoint expression.","volume":"35","author":"Rivalland","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v928","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz394.089","article-title":"PD-L1 expression, patterns of progression and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide in ES-SCLC: results from CASPIAN.","volume":"30","author":"Paz-Ares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"crv220008r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31815bdc0d","article-title":"The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer lung cancer staging project: proposals regarding the clinical staging of small cell lung cancer in the forthcoming (seventh) edition of the tumor, node, metastasis classification for lung cancer.","volume":"2","author":"Shepherd","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"crv220008r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70511-4","article-title":"Etoposide and cisplatin versus irinotecan and cisplatin in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with etoposide and cisplatin plus concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy (JCOG0202): a randomised phase 3 study.","volume":"15","author":"Kubota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"crv220008r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901283400403","article-title":"Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide.","volume":"340","author":"Turrisi","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"crv220008r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30318-2","article-title":"Concurrent once-daily versus twice-daily chemoradiotherapy in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (CONVERT): an open-label, phase 3, randomised, superiority trial.","volume":"18","author":"Faivre-Finn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8505","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2021.39.15_suppl.8505","article-title":"Phase 3 comparison of high-dose once-daily (QD) thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) with standard twice-daily (BID) TRT in limited stage small cell lung cancer (LSCLC): CALGB 30610 (Alliance)\/RTOG 0538.","volume":"39","author":"Bogart","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"crv220008r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1985.3.11.1471","article-title":"VP-16 and cisplatin as first-line therapy for small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"3","author":"Evans","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"crv220008r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4665","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.12.111","article-title":"Cisplatin and etoposide regimen is superior to cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and vincristine regimen in small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized phase III trial with 5 years\u2019 follow-up.","volume":"20","author":"Sundstr\u00f8m","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"crv220008r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.2.658","article-title":"Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"17","author":"von Pawel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"crv220008r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30068-1","article-title":"Lurbinectedin as second-line treatment for patients with small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 basket trial.","volume":"21","author":"Trigo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"crv220008r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.12.109","article-title":"Pembrolizumab after two or more lines of previous therapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic SCLC: results from the KEYNOTE-028 and KEYNOTE-158 studies.","volume":"15","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1B","key":"crv220008r26","first-page":"777","article-title":"Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel for relapsed and refractory small cell lung cancer.","volume":"26","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"crv220008r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1998.54","article-title":"A phase II study of paclitaxel in heavily pretreated patients with small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"77","author":"Smit","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"crv220008r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2014.08.007","article-title":"Trial of a 5-day dosing regimen of temozolomide in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancers with assessment of methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase.","volume":"86","author":"Zauderer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"crv220008r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2059","article-title":"Phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with relapsed sensitive or refractory small cell lung cancer, with assessment of methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase as a potential biomarker.","volume":"18","author":"Pietanza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"crv220008r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011104509759","article-title":"Single-agent gemcitabine in patients with resistant small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"12","author":"van der Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"crv220008r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000079","article-title":"Phase II study of bendamustine in relapsed chemotherapy sensitive or resistant small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"9","author":"Lammers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"crv220008r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.10.004","article-title":"Nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in recurrent small cell lung cancer: results from the CheckMate 032 randomized cohort.","volume":"15","author":"Ready","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"crv220008r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2020.100889","article-title":"Combination therapy: future directions of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.03.007","article-title":"Which patients with ES-SCLC are most likely to benefit from more aggressive radiotherapy: a secondary analysis of the Phase III CREST trial.","volume":"108","author":"Slotman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"crv220008r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2017.06.015","article-title":"Randomized phase II study comparing prophylactic cranial irradiation alone to prophylactic cranial irradiation and consolidative extracranial irradiation for extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (ED SCLC): NRG Oncology RTOG 0937.","volume":"12","author":"Gore","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"crv220008r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071780","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"357","author":"Slotman","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"crv220008r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30230-9","article-title":"Prophylactic cranial irradiation versus observation in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.","volume":"18","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"crv220008r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2022.100408","article-title":"Durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, plus platinum-etoposide in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: 3-year overall survival update from CASPIAN.","volume":"7","author":"Paz-Ares","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"crv220008r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9001","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9001","article-title":"KEYNOTE-604: pembrolizumab (pembro) or placebo plus etoposide and platinum (EP) as first-line therapy for extensive-stage (ES) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).","volume":"38","author":"Rudin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9000","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9000","article-title":"Randomized phase II clinical trial of cisplatin\/carboplatin and etoposide (CE) alone or in combination with nivolumab as frontline therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC): ECOG-ACRIN EA5161.","volume":"38","author":"Leal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"crv220008r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092645","article-title":"Adding PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors to chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC): a meta-analysis of randomized trials.","volume":"12","author":"Facchinetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"31","key":"crv220008r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3740","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.6601","article-title":"Phase III randomized trial of ipilimumab plus etoposide and platinum versus placebo plus etoposide and platinum in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"34","author":"Reck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"crv220008r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.02212","article-title":"Nivolumab and ipilimumab as maintenance therapy in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: CheckMate 451.","volume":"39","author":"Owonikoko","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"crv220008r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.05.002","article-title":"Phase II study of maintenance pembrolizumab in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC).","volume":"13","author":"Gadgeel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9068","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9068","article-title":"First-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide in extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC (CASPIAN): impact of brain metastases on treatment patterns and outcomes.","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"crv220008r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2020-0193","article-title":"Prolonging survival: the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.","volume":"25","author":"Melosky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"12","key":"crv220008r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.69.4844","article-title":"Italian, multicenter, phase III, randomized study of cisplatin plus etoposide with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: the GOIRC-AIFA FARM6PMFJM trial.","volume":"35","author":"Tiseo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"15","key":"crv220008r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp200","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic therapy using thalidomide combined with chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"15","key":"crv220008r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4270","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-2176","article-title":"Combined VEGF and PD-L1 blockade displays synergistic treatment effects in an autochthonous mouse model of small cell lung cancer.","volume":"78","author":"Meder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"crv220008r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31824c7f4b","article-title":"A systematic analysis of efficacy of second-line chemotherapy in sensitive and refractory small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"7","author":"Owonikoko","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"35","key":"crv220008r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.5392","article-title":"Randomized phase III trial of amrubicin versus topotecan as second-line treatment for patients with small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"32","author":"von Pawel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2020.10.003","article-title":"Antitumor activity of lurbinectedin in second-line small cell lung cancer patients who are candidates for re-challenge with the first-line treatment.","volume":"150","author":"Subbiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"crv220008r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00309-5","article-title":"Combination lurbinectedin and doxorubicin versus physician\u2019s choice of chemotherapy in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (ATLANTIS): a randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial.","author":"Ponce Aix","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"crv220008r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.01.314","article-title":"Lurbinectedin with irinotecan in relapsed small cell lung cancer. Results from the expansion stage of a phase I-II trial.","volume":"16","author":"Ponce Aix","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A493","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-SITC2021.464","article-title":"2SMALL (NCT04253145) phase I part: lurbinectidine (LUR) in combination with atezolizumab (ATZ) for second line extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients (pts).","volume":"9","author":"Ponce Aix","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"crv220008r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.03.207","article-title":"Small-cell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.","volume":"32","author":"Dingemans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"x43","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy511.004","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of nivolumab (nivo) monotherapy versus chemotherapy (chemo) in recurrent small cell lung cancer (SCLC): results from CheckMate 331.","volume":"29","author":"Reck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"crv220008r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9069","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9069","article-title":"RESILIENT part I, an open-label, safety run-in of liposomal irinotecan in adults with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who have progressed with platinum-based first-line (1L) therapy: subgroup analyses by platinum sensitivity.","volume":"38","author":"Spigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"crv220008r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.10.013","article-title":"Randomized phase II study of paclitaxel plus alisertib versus paclitaxel plus placebo as second-line therapy for SCLC: primary and correlative biomarker analyses.","volume":"15","author":"Owonikoko","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"crv220008r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00264","article-title":"Randomized phase II trial of cisplatin and etoposide in combination with veliparib or placebo for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: ECOG-ACRIN 2511 study.","volume":"37","author":"Owonikoko","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"23","key":"crv220008r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.77.7672","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, phase II study of temozolomide in combination with either veliparib or placebo in patients with relapsed-sensitive or refractory small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"36","author":"Pietanza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"crv220008r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-19-0582","article-title":"Combination olaparib and temozolomide in relapsed small-cell lung cancer.","volume":"9","author":"Farago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"8","key":"crv220008r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.04.026","article-title":"Durvalumab in combination with olaparib in patients with relapsed SCLC: results from a phase II study.","volume":"14","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"crv220008r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.02.014","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of ATR yields durable regressions in small cell lung cancers with high replication stress.","volume":"39","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"crv220008r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8507","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.8507","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rovalpituzumab tesirine in patients With DLL3-expressing, = 3rd line small cell lung cancer: results from the phase 2 TRINITY study.","volume":"36","author":"Carbone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"crv220008r81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12113371","article-title":"Promising therapy in lung cancer: spotlight on aurora kinases.","volume":"12","author":"Galetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"crv220008r82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9065","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9065","article-title":"Preliminary efficacy data of platinum-pretreated small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cohort of NCI 9881 study: a phase II study of cediranib in combination with olaparib in advanced solid tumors.","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"41","key":"crv220008r83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_320673","article-title":"New therapies and biomarkers: are we ready for personalized treatment in small cell lung cancer?","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"issue":"23","key":"crv220008r84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6958","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1133","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rovalpituzumab tesirine in third-line and beyond patients with DLL3-expressing, relapsed\/refractory small-cell lung cancer: results from the phase II TRINITY study.","volume":"25","author":"Morgensztern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"crv220008r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.03.012","article-title":"Rovalpituzumab tesirine as a maintenance therapy after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with extensive-stage-SCLC: results from the phase 3 MERU study.","volume":"16","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"crv220008r86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.02.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rovalpituzumab tesirine compared with topotecan as second-line therapy in DLL3-high SCLC: results from the phase 3 TAHOE study.","volume":"16","author":"Blackhall","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"crv220008r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092522","article-title":"Immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.","volume":"12","author":"Esposito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"20","key":"crv220008r89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5178","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-0018","article-title":"A novel, fully human anti-fucosyl-GM1 antibody demonstrates potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in preclinical models of small cell lung cancer.","volume":"24","author":"Ponath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"crv220008r90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9017","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2020.38.15_suppl.9017","article-title":"The anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) antibody dinutuximab (D) for second-line treatment (2LT) of patients (pts) with relapsed\/refractory small cell lung cancer (RR SCLC): results from part II of the open-label, randomized, phase II\/III distinct study.","volume":"38","author":"Edelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"567","key":"crv220008r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aau2922","article-title":"Targeting NOTCH activation in small cell lung cancer through LSD1 inhibition.","volume":"12","author":"Augert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"crv220008r87","author":"Borghaei"},{"key":"crv220008r1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Small cell lung cancer treatment (PDQ)\u2014health professional version. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/types\/lung\/hp\/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq"},{"key":"crv220008r18","unstructured":"Testing the addition of a new immunotherapy drug, atezolizumab (MPDL3280A), to the usual chemoradiation (CRT) therapy treatment for limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03811002. Updated October 19, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03811002"},{"key":"crv220008r19","unstructured":"Study of durvalumab + tremelimumab, durvalumab, and placebo in limited stage small-cell lung cancer in patients who have not progressed following concurrent chemoradiation therapy (ADRIATIC). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03703297. Updated September 10, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03703297"},{"key":"crv220008r36","unstructured":"Testing the addition of radiation therapy to the usual immune therapy treatment (atezolizumab) for extensive stage small cell lung cancer, the RAPTOR trial. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04402788. Updated November 3, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04402788?term=NRG-LU007&draw=2&rank=1"},{"key":"crv220008r56","unstructured":"Clinical Trial of lurbinectedin as single-agent or in combination with irinotecan versus topotecan or irinotecan in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (LAGOON). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05153239. Updated October 18, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05153239"},{"key":"crv220008r58","unstructured":"Lurbinectedin (PM01183) combined with pembrolizumab in small cell lung cancer (LUPER). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04358237. Updated August 15, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04358237"},{"key":"crv220008r59","unstructured":"Lurbinectedin with berzosertib, an ATR kinase inhibitor in small cell cancers and high-grade neuroendocrine cancers. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04802174. Updated October 17, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04802174"},{"key":"crv220008r68","unstructured":"Talazoparib and low-dose temozolomide in treating participants with relapsed or refractory extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03672773. Updated February 8, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03672773"},{"key":"crv220008r69","unstructured":"Niraparib, temozolomide and atezolizumab in treating patients with advanced solid tumors and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer with a complete or partial response to platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03830918. Updated February 9, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03830918"},{"key":"crv220008r70","unstructured":"A study of niraparib as maintenance therapy following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03516084. Updated December 21, 2020. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03516084"},{"key":"crv220008r71","unstructured":"Randomized trial of topotecan with m6620, an ATR kinase inhibitor, in small cell lung cancers and small cell cancers outside of the lungs. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03896503. Updated October 6, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03896503"},{"key":"crv220008r73","unstructured":"A study of prexasertib (LY2606368) in participants with extensive stage disease small cell lung cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02735980. Updated March 17, 2020. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02735980"},{"key":"crv220008r74","unstructured":"Study evaluating safety, tolerability and PK of AMG 757 in adults with small cell lung cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03319940. Updated October 20, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03319940"},{"key":"crv220008r75","unstructured":"A phase 1 study evaluating the safety, tolerability and efficacy of AMG 119 in subjects with RR SCLC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03392064. Updated September 14, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03392064"},{"key":"crv220008r77","unstructured":"RRx-001 sequentially with a platinum doublet or a platinum doublet in third-line or beyond in patients with small cell lung cancer (REPLATINUM). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03699956. Updated October 3, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03699956"},{"key":"crv220008r78","unstructured":"Study of BMS-986012 in subjects with small cell lung cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02949895. Updated August 12, 2019. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02949895"},{"key":"crv220008r79","unstructured":"Trial of BMS-986012 in combination with platinum and etoposide. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02815592. Updated April 28, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02815592"},{"key":"crv220008r80","unstructured":"A study evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of ABBV-075 in subjects with cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02391480. Updated November 29, 2019. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02391480"},{"key":"crv220008r92","unstructured":"A study of atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide with or without tiragolumab in patients with untreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SKYSCRAPER-02). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04256421. Updated September 30, 2022. Accessed March 14, 2022. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04256421"}],"container-title":["JAMA Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/articlepdf\/2799492\/jamaoncology_petty_2022_rv_220008_1678387691.63071.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T15:02:58Z","timestamp":1678978978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/fullarticle\/2799492"}},"subtitle":["A Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.5631","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-2437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2374-2437","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}}}