{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:55:24Z","timestamp":1780480524732,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Variants in the vitamin D\u2013binding protein (DBP) gene (<jats:italic>GC<\/jats:italic>) encode DBP isoforms that may affect vitamin D metabolism. However, whether these isoforms modify the effects of vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and\/or calcium supplementation on colorectal adenoma recurrence is unclear. We hypothesized that supplementation effects may be stronger among those with the DBP2 isoform (encoded by the <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/rs4588\">rs4588<\/jats:ext-link>*A allele), which is associated with vitamin D deficiency and modified the associations of circulating vitamin D with risk for colorectal neoplasms in observational studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate supplemental vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and\/or calcium effects on colorectal adenoma recurrence according to 3 common DBP isoforms (DBP1s, DBP1f, DBP2) encoded by 2 missense variants: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/rs7041\">rs7041<\/jats:ext-link> (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/1543378034\">NG_012837<\/jats:ext-link>.3:g.57904T&amp;amp;gt;G <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/324021743\">NP_001191235<\/jats:ext-link>.1:p.Asp432Glu) and <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/rs4588\">rs4588<\/jats:ext-link> (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/1543378034\">NG_012837<\/jats:ext-link>.3:g.57915C&amp;amp;gt;A <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/nuccore\/324021743\">NP_001191235<\/jats:ext-link>.1:p.Thr436Lys).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 2259 participants with a recently diagnosed adenoma and no remaining polyps after complete colonoscopy in the US from July 1, 2004, to August 31, 2013. The current analyses were performed from August 12, 2019, to July 16, 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Daily vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (1000 IU), calcium (1200 mg), both, or placebo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>One or more adenomas diagnosed during 3 to 5 years of follow-up. Treatment effects were estimated according to DBP isoform as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs using Poisson regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 2259 participants randomized (mean [SD] age, 58 [6.8] years; 1033 [64%] men), 1604 non-Hispanic White participants (chosen to avoid population stratification bias) were included in the analysis. Among those with the DBP2 isoform (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/rs4588\">rs4588<\/jats:ext-link>*AC or AA), the RRs (95% CI) for adenoma recurrence were 0.84 (0.72-1.00) with vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> relative to no vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70-0.99) with calcium relative to no calcium, and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.59-0.98) with both agents relative to neither agent. Conversely, among those without DBP2 (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/rs4588\">rs4588<\/jats:ext-link>*CC), the corresponding values were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.93-1.26; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03 for interaction) with vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> relative to no vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.84-1.14; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.37 for interaction) with calcium relative to no calcium, and 1.09 (0.88-1.36; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03 for interaction) with both agents relative to neither agent. Among DBP2 homozygotes (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/rs4588\">rs4588<\/jats:ext-link>*AA), the RR for adenoma recurrence was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.31-1.08) with both agents relative to neither agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings of this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial suggest that individuals with the DBP2 isoform\u2013encoding <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/snp\/rs4588\">rs4588<\/jats:ext-link>*A allele may particularly benefit from vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and\/or calcium supplementation for colorectal adenoma prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00153816\">NCT00153816<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.6924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T16:01:44Z","timestamp":1674748904000},"page":"546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Impact of Common Vitamin D\u2013Binding Protein Isoforms on Supplemental Vitamin D<sub>3<\/sub> and\/or Calcium Effects on Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence Risk"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"David Corley","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Fedirko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberd M.","family":"Bostick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, 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