{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:44:21Z","timestamp":1792165461752,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-cbr240018-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence on prostate cancer (PCa) in transgender women is very limited; data are needed to reduce gender disparities in both PCa knowledge and health care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-cbr240018-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the prevalence of PCa among transgender women in the US and assess the factors associated with PCa, and factors associated with biochemical recurrence (BCR) and bone metastases (BM) secondary to PCa in the transgender population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-cbr240018-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in October 2023, covering the period between 2011 and 2022 (12-year analysis). The study was based on a large, all-payer claims, deidentified, US database (PearlDiver Mariner). Transgender women who were identified as male before assignment of transsexual status codes were included. Patients with PCa were detected in the transgender women population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-cbr240018-7\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCa diagnosis was selected as primary outcome; BCR and BM were chosen as secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-cbr240018-8\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 95\u202f460 transgender women with a mean (SD) age of 52.5 (9.4) years were included. PCa was diagnosed in 589 individuals with a mean (SD) age of 66.8 (10.0) years (estimated prevalence, 0.62%; 95% CI, 0.54%-0.77%). Age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08-1.12; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) and family history (adjusted OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.60-4.92; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) were positively associated with PCa in transgender women. Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) was negatively associated with PCa in transgender women (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.56-0.89; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) but positively associated with BCR (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.21-2.86; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) and BM (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.50-9.99; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) in the transgender population with PCa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-cbr240018-9\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cohort study found that PCa appeared to be relatively uncommon in transgender women. GAHT may reduce the risk of PCa in transgender patients, but it may also increase the risk of BCR and BM in transgender women with PCa. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.4335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T15:32:24Z","timestamp":1727969544000},"page":"1697","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence and Factors Associated With Prostate Cancer Among Transgender Women"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Celeste","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Ditonno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Bologna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Unit of Urology, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie Claire","family":"Licari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"},{"name":"Unit of Urology, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costantino","family":"Leonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Urology, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"De Nunzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Sant\u2019Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward E.","family":"Cherullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"De Sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Urology, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Autorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"cbr240018r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2021.1888831","article-title":"Body image and sexual desire in the context of gender 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surgery.","volume":"82","author":"Pitak-Arnnop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"1","key":"cbr240018r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.09.007","article-title":"Prostate-specific antigen screening in transgender patients.","volume":"83","author":"Nik-Ahd","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"cbr240018r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2021.09.006","article-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of prostate cancer.","volume":"4","author":"Gandaglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"cbr240018r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.02.008","article-title":"Frequency and distribution of primary site among gender minority cancer patients: An analysis of U.S. national surveillance data.","volume":"54","author":"Nash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"cbr240018r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00796-1","article-title":"Gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender women and risk of prostate cancer: pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"Bologna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"cbr240018r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15521","article-title":"Prostate cancer in transgender women: what does a urologist need to know?","volume":"129","author":"Bertoncelli Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"cbr240018r3","unstructured":"PearlDiverTM Mariner. Accessed February 10, 2024. https:\/\/pearldiverinc.com\/"},{"key":"cbr240018r5","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Accessed February 10, 2024. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/prost.html"},{"key":"cbr240018r6","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. QuickFacts. Accessed February 10, 2024. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/US#"}],"container-title":["JAMA Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/articlepdf\/2824320\/jamaoncology_manfredi_2024_br_240018_1734561052.16903.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T16:03:19Z","timestamp":1734624199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/fullarticle\/2824320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.4335","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-2437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2374-2437","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}