{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T05:49:01Z","timestamp":1789278541055,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Patients with recurrent prostate cancer after previous radiotherapy typically have poor survival. Those with recurrences prostate confined might be suitable for salvage focal therapy (sFT) or salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP). sFT may offer good cancer control with comparatively less toxic effects, but outcomes beyond 5 years have not been reported, and no study has compared sFT to sRP.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare cancer control and perioperative complications among patients after sFT vs sRP.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n In this international, multicenter cohort study of matched comparison data, patients undergoing sFT were derived from the prospective UK HIFU (high-intensity focused ultrasound) Evaluation and Treatment and International Cryotherapy Evaluation registries (9 centers; 2006-2024) and the prospective UK Focal Recurrent Assessment and Salvage Treatment cohort study (6 centers; 2014-2018). Patients undergoing sRP were derived from an international retrospective registry (12 centers in 8 countries; 2000-2021). Patients with biopsy-confirmed, localized recurrent prostate cancer postradiotherapy, either external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or both, were included. Data were analyzed from March to July 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n sFT using HIFU or cryotherapy vs sRP.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was cancer-specific survival up to 10 years. Secondary outcomes were overall survival, any perioperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grades 1-5), and major perioperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grades 3-5). Comparisons were made on matched patients following 1:1 cardinality matching within individual multiply-imputed datasets. Matching variables used were radiotherapeutic treatment, years between primary and salvage treatments, European Association of Urology recurrence risk group, and presalvage age, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, grade group, T stage, and androgen-deprivation therapy use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 923 patients were eligible for matching (419 undergoing sFT and 504 undergoing sRP). Of the patients undergoing sFT, 325 (77.6%) underwent HIFU and the remainder cryotherapy, with 241 (57.5%) treated with quadrant ablation. Of patients treated with sRP, 376 (74.6%) underwent open surgery and the remainder robot-assisted surgery. For sFT vs sRP, 10-year cancer-specific survival was 92% (95% CI, 86%-98%) vs 99% (95% CI, 97%-100%), with no statistically significant difference (restricted mean time lost, \u22120.09 years; 95% CI, \u22120.22 to 0.03 years;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.15; subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.05-4.00;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.47). There was no statistically significant difference in 10-year overall survival (restricted mean survival time, \u22120.13 years; 95% CI, \u22120.86 to 0.60 years;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.72). Undergoing sRP was associated with statistically significant higher odds of any complication (adjusted odds ratio, 24.20; 95% CI, 12.94-45.27;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and major complication (adjusted odds ratio, 9.31; 95% CI, 3.42-25.36;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cohort study, sFT and sRP were effective for treating localized radiorecurrent prostate cancer, while sFT was associated with fewer perioperative complications. sFT may provide a favorable therapeutic ratio for many patients with localized radiorecurrent prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2025.6448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:30:49Z","timestamp":1770913849000},"page":"364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Salvage Focal Therapy vs Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Light","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiotherapiegroep, Deventer, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manit","family":"Arya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Bertoncelli Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Dudderidge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Emara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Emberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Laniado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Slough, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"McCraken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Noureldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Orczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspal","family":"Virdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Albisinni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cathcart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Joniau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Jeffrey","family":"Karnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Persad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Rajwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Sanchez-Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh F.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"Tilki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"van der Poel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Calleris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gontero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hashim U.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taimur T.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial Prostate, Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Imperial Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"coi250088r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214122","article-title":"Fifteen-year outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for prostate cancer.","volume":"388","author":"Hamdy","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"coi250088r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2023.41.6_suppl.304","article-title":"10-Year efficacy and co-morbidity outcomes of a phase III randomised trial of conventional vs. hypofractionated high dose intensity modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer (CHHiP; CRUK\/06\/016).","volume":"41","author":"Syndikus","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"coi250088r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.32900","article-title":"Biochemical recurrence and risk of mortality following radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy.","volume":"6","author":"Falagario","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"coi250088r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.09.028","article-title":"The natural history and predictors of outcome following biochemical relapse in the dose escalation era for prostate cancer patients undergoing definitive external beam radiotherapy.","volume":"67","author":"Zumsteg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"coi250088r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.04.035","article-title":"Patterns of clinical progression in radiorecurrent high-risk prostate cancer.","volume":"80","author":"Philipson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"16","key":"coi250088r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303974","article-title":"Improved outcomes with enzalutamide in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer.","volume":"389","author":"Freedland","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"coi250088r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.02.039","article-title":"Patterns of failure in men with radiorecurrent prostate cancer: a post hoc analysis of 3 prospective Gallium 68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography\/computed tomography imaging trials.","volume":"116","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"coi250088r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.07.011","article-title":"Local failure events in prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy: a pooled analysis of 18 randomized trials from the Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials in Cancer of the Prostate Consortium (LEVIATHAN).","volume":"82","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"coi250088r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.09.001","article-title":"The role of multiparametric MRI and MRI-targeted biopsy in the diagnosis of radiorecurrent prostate cancer: an analysis from the FORECAST trial.","volume":"85","author":"Light","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"coi250088r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.11.017","article-title":"Topography of prostate cancer recurrence: a single-centre analysis of salvage radical prostatectomy specimens and implications for focal salvage treatments.","volume":"47","author":"Marra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"coi250088r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003890","article-title":"Salvage therapy for prostate cancer: AUA\/ASTRO\/SUO guideline part III: salvage therapy after radiotherapy or focal therapy, pelvic nodal recurrence and oligometastasis, and future directions.","volume":"211","author":"Morgan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"coi250088r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2023.01.013","article-title":"Salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer after primary nonsurgical treatment: an updated systematic review.","volume":"9","author":"Marra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"22","key":"coi250088r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15225485","article-title":"Salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer: a systematic review (French ccAFU).","volume":"15","author":"Saouli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"coi250088r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00883-3","article-title":"Local salvage therapies in patients with radio-recurrent prostate cancer following external beam radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Creta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"coi250088r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.02.022","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsies compared to transperineal mapping biopsies before focal ablation in localised and metastatic recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy.","volume":"81","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"coi250088r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001201","article-title":"Intraprostatic cancer recurrence following radical radiotherapy on transperineal template mapping biopsy: implications for focal ablative salvage therapy.","volume":"204","author":"Kanthabalan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"coi250088r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.11.010","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of local salvage therapies after radiotherapy for prostate cancer (MASTER).","volume":"80","author":"Valle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"coi250088r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20555","article-title":"Using cardinality matching to design balanced and representative samples for observational studies.","volume":"327","author":"Niknam","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"coi250088r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.01.005","article-title":"Cancer control outcomes following focal therapy using high-intensity focused ultrasound in 1379 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a multi-institute 15-year experience.","volume":"81","author":"Reddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"coi250088r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.030","article-title":"Early-medium-term outcomes of primary focal cryotherapy to treat nonmetastatic clinically significant prostate cancer from a prospective multicentre registry.","volume":"76","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"coi250088r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16102","article-title":"External validation of a risk model predicting failure of salvage focal ablation for prostate cancer.","volume":"132","author":"Light","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"coi250088r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000327","article-title":"Salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer: morbidity and functional outcomes from a large multicenter series of open versus robotic approaches.","volume":"202","author":"Gontero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"coi250088r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296.e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2020.11.002","article-title":"Oncological outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer in the contemporary era: a multicenter retrospective study.","volume":"39","author":"Marra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"coi250088r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2023.01.006","article-title":"Salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer following first-line nonsurgical treatment: validation of the European Association of Urology criteria in a large, multicenter, contemporary cohort.","volume":"9","author":"Calleris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"3","key":"coi250088r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2023.08.007","article-title":"Recurrent Gleason score 6 prostate cancer after radiotherapy or ablation: should we observe them all? results from a large multicenter salvage radical prostatectomy consortium.","volume":"10","author":"Marra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"12","key":"coi250088r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15123123","article-title":"Oncologic outcomes of lymph node dissection at salvage radical prostatectomy.","volume":"15","author":"Preisser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"coi250088r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-023-00728-5","article-title":"Impact of persistent PSA after salvage radical prostatectomy: a multicenter study.","volume":"27","author":"Preisser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"coi250088r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw323","article-title":"Reporting and guidelines in propensity score analysis: a systematic review of cancer and cancer surgical studies.","volume":"109","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"27","key":"coi250088r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7036","article-title":"Evaluation of subset matching methods and forms of covariate balance.","volume":"35","author":"de Los Angeles Resa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"coi250088r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.10.011","article-title":"Prognostic value of biochemical recurrence following treatment with curative intent for prostate cancer: a systematic review.","volume":"75","author":"Van den Broeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"30","key":"coi250088r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5278","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5903","article-title":"Decomposition of number of life years lost according to causes of death.","volume":"32","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"coi250088r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000754","article-title":"Evaluating the trade-offs men with localized prostate cancer make between the risks and benefits of treatments: the COMPARE study.","volume":"204","author":"Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"coi250088r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.266527","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT versus multiparametric MRI for detection of intraprostatic radiorecurrent prostate cancer.","volume":"65","author":"Light","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"coi250088r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.01.049","article-title":"Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography in advanced prostate cancer\u2014updated diagnostic utility, sensitivity, specificity, and distribution of prostate-specific membrane antigen-avid lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"77","author":"Perera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"coi250088r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003426.07","article-title":"LBA03-07: imperial prostate-4 comparative healthcare research outcomes of novel surgery in prostate cancer (IP4-CHRONOS): early feasibility, safety and functional outcomes from a pilot RCT.","volume":"209","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"52","key":"coi250088r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta22520","article-title":"Partial ablation versus radical prostatectomy in intermediate-risk prostate cancer: the PART feasibility RCT.","volume":"22","author":"Hamdy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"coi250088r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JU.0001109960.86805.2e.01","article-title":"PD19-01: final, three-year oncological results of a randomized clinical trial FARP comparing focal ablation and radical prostatectomy in patients with unilateral clinically significant prostate cancer.","volume":"213","author":"Baco","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"coi250088r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.08.022","article-title":"Development and internal validation of prediction models for biochemical failure and composite failure after focal salvage high intensity focused ultrasound for local radiorecurrent prostate cancer: presentation of risk scores for individual patient prognoses.","volume":"36","author":"Peters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"coi250088r11","unstructured":"Prostate cancer. European Association of Urology. Accessed August 12, 2024. https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/prostate-cancer\/chapter\/treatment"}],"container-title":["JAMA Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/articlepdf\/2844900\/jamaoncology_light_2026_oi_250088_1775759221.53404.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:00:44Z","timestamp":1776351644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaoncology\/fullarticle\/2844900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2025.6448","relation":{},"ISSN":["2374-2437"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2374-2437","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]}}}