{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:28:28Z","timestamp":1792200508572,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Oncol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n The disease burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)\u2013related cancers is substantial, irrespective of sex. Establishing evidence on the effectiveness of the 9-valent HPV vaccine for males may support the implementation of sex-neutral HPV vaccination strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the incidence of HPV-related cancers between 9-valent HPV-vaccinated and unvaccinated males using a large-scale database.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This multicenter retrospective cohort study utilized a global database. Participants included males aged 9 to 26 years who were either unvaccinated or received at least one 9-valent HPV vaccine between January 2016 and December 2024 with outcomes followed-up for up to 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary composite outcomes were HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, esophageal, anal, and penile cancers. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using propensity score matching.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Before propensity score matching, 615\u202f155 vaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 13.4 [3.5] years) and 2\u202f290\u202f623 unvaccinated males (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [5.5] years) were identified in the US. After propensity score matching, 510\u202f260 participants were included in each group. Compared with those in the unvaccinated group, those in the vaccinated group had a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.81;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.002). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the significantly lower incidence of the primary composite outcome in the vaccinated group was maintained among both males aged 9 to 14 years (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04) and those aged 15 to 26 years (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n This study found a significant negative association of the 9-valent HPV vaccine with HPV-related cancers in adolescents and young adult males and contributes to the development of sex-neutral HPV vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2026.0496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T15:00:28Z","timestamp":1775746828000},"page":"592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nine-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Related Cancers in 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