{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T14:20:42Z","timestamp":1781446842086,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n There are limited means to predict which crewmembers are at risk for developing optic disc edema (ODE) during spaceflight. Identifying crewmembers who have a low probability of developing ODE will allow for reduced monitoring and countermeasure resources, thereby enabling alternate mission activities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine if magnitude of ODE early in flight is associated with magnitude of ODE later in flight.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cohort study involved crewmembers on board the International Space Station. Participants were astronauts who had optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging before, during, after their spaceflight mission. Preflight and in-flight total retinal thickness (TRT) was quantified within the annular region from Bruch membrane opening to 250 \u03bcm using OCT. The change (\u0394) in TRT is an objective approach to quantifying ODE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Spaceflight missions lasting approximately 6 months long.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Preflight to in-flight \u0394TRT. Data were analyzed using linear and log-binomial mixed effects models to determine (1) if \u0394TRT on flight day (FD) 30 was associated with \u0394TRT on FD150 and (2) the probability a crewmember with \u0394TRT less than 20 \u03bcm on FD30 would exhibit \u0394TRT less than 55 \u03bcm on FD150 or a crewmember with \u0394TRT of 20 of 55 \u03bcm on FD30 would develop \u0394TRT greater than 55 \u03bcm on FD150.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Data from 43 ISS crewmembers (mean [SD] age, 47 [7] years; 35 males [81%] and 8 females [19%]) with a mean (SD) flight duration of 198 (55) days were included. There was an association between FD30 \u0394TRT and FD150 \u0394TRT (repeated-measure correlation coefficient\u2009=\u20090.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Eyes with \u0394TRT less than 20 on FD30 had 2% probability (95% CI, 1%-15%) of \u0394TRT of 55 \u03bcm or greater on FD150. Receiver operating curve analysis determined an optimal threshold \u0394TRT of greater than 29 \u03bcm on FD30 to distinguish eyes at risk of \u0394TRT of 55 \u03bcm or greater on FD150. Eyes with \u0394TRT of 20 to 55 \u03bcm or 29 to 55 \u03bcm on FD30 had a 34% (95% CI, 19%-60%) or 58% (95% CI, 37%-90%) probability, respectively, of \u0394TRT of 55 \u03bcm or greater on FD150.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Findings suggest crewmembers who did not develop ODE on FD30 were unlikely to develop clinically concerning ODE on FD150. The data suggest that OCT imaging during spaceflight missions provides an opportunity to predict the magnitude of ODE that may develop during a longer-lasting mission.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.4635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T16:01:39Z","timestamp":1763654499000},"page":"34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prediction of Optic Disc Edema Progression During Spaceflight"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Katrina J.","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor R.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aegis Aerospace, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cambria S.","family":"O\u2019Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aegis Aerospace, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Poczatek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JES Tech, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Millennia","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex S.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, The Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven S.","family":"Laurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KBR, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon R.","family":"Macias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"eoi250072r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0673","article-title":"Association of long-duration spaceflight with anterior and posterior ocular structure changes in astronauts and their recovery.","volume":"138","author":"Macias","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"eoi250072r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.4396","article-title":"Identification of factors associated with the development of optic disc edema during spaceflight.","volume":"140","author":"Pardon","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA 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Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"eoi250072r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2017.6226","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography analysis of the optic nerve head and surrounding structures in long-duration International Space Station astronauts.","volume":"136","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"eoi250072r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.5681","article-title":"Incidence and progression of chorioretinal folds during long-duration spaceflight.","volume":"141","author":"Ferguson","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"eoi250072r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00211.2023","article-title":"Development of optic disc edema during 30 days of hypercapnic head-down tilt bed rest is associated with short sleep duration and blunted temperature amplitude.","volume":"136","author":"Christian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"3","key":"eoi250072r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.154245","article-title":"Vision changes after spaceflight are related to alterations in folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent one-carbon metabolism.","volume":"142","author":"Zwart","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"eoi250072r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-278457","article-title":"Genotype, B-vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes.","volume":"30","author":"Zwart","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J"}],"container-title":["JAMA 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