{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:54:30Z","timestamp":1785797670091,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.1986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T15:00:43Z","timestamp":1565276443000},"page":"956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cannabis Inhalation and Voice Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Jiries","family":"Meehan-Atrash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetiana","family":"Korzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"orv190010r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30208-5","article-title":"Marijuana use and use disorders in adults in the USA, 2002-14: analysis of annual cross-sectional surveys.","volume":"3","author":"Compton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"orv190010r4","first-page":"506","article-title":"Effects of marijuana smoking on vocal pitch and quality.","volume":"59","author":"Mueller","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"12","key":"orv190010r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.077081","article-title":"Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms.","volume":"62","author":"Aldington","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"orv190010r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1961","article-title":"Association between marijuana exposure and pulmonary function over 20 years.","volume":"307","author":"Pletcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"orv190010r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081040","article-title":"Marijuana and chronic obstructive lung disease: a population-based study.","volume":"180","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2013.805976","article-title":"The medicinal use of cannabis and cannabinoids: an international cross-sectional survey on administration forms.","volume":"45","author":"Hazekamp","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00065009","article-title":"Effects of cannabis on lung function: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"35","author":"Hancox","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"10","key":"orv190010r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0330","article-title":"Marijuana use and the risk of lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers: results of a population-based case-control study.","volume":"15","author":"Hashibe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"orv190010r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00317","article-title":"Impact of cannabis, cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids in the lungs.","volume":"7","author":"Turcotte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"orv190010r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01671.x","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptors: where they are and what they do.","volume":"20","author":"Mackie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"orv190010r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707442","article-title":"The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and ?9-tetrahydrocannabivarin.","volume":"153","author":"Pertwee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"orv190010r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.028","article-title":"An introduction to the endogenous cannabinoid system.","volume":"79","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.v3.3","article-title":"Therapeutic cannabis and endocannabinoid signaling system modulator use in otolaryngology patients.","volume":"3","author":"Bryant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"key":"orv190010r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.12.003","article-title":"Urinary concentrations of PAH and VOC metabolites in marijuana users.","volume":"88","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"orv190010r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1021\/tx700275p","article-title":"A comparison of mainstream and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions.","volume":"21","author":"Moir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-016-0119-9","article-title":"Medical cannabis use in Canada: vapourization and modes of delivery.","volume":"13","author":"Shiplo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"10","key":"orv190010r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.05.013","article-title":"A new method of cannabis ingestion: the dangers of dabs?","volume":"39","author":"Loflin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"orv190010r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6112","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b01130","article-title":"Toxicant formation in dabbing: the terpene story.","volume":"2","author":"Meehan-Atrash","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"4","key":"orv190010r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2011.09.001","article-title":"Lung cancer: epidemiology, etiology, and prevention.","volume":"32","author":"Dela Cruz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"orv190010r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.01.004","article-title":"Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995-2014): analysis of current data in the United States.","volume":"79","author":"ElSohly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01186.x","article-title":"Bullous lung disease due to marijuana.","volume":"13","author":"Hii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"4","key":"orv190010r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2012.671868","article-title":"Impact of changes in regular use of marijuana and\/or tobacco on chronic bronchitis.","volume":"9","author":"Tashkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"6","key":"orv190010r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2010.04.001","article-title":"Pulmonary function in cannabis users: support for a clinical trial of the vaporizer.","volume":"21","author":"Van Dam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"orv190010r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2018.06.008","article-title":"The psychoactive substance of cannabis ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) negatively regulates CFTR in airway cells.","volume":"1862","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.05.001","article-title":"Clarifying CB2 receptor-dependent and independent effects of THC on human lung epithelial cells.","volume":"231","author":"Sarafian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"orv190010r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2012017","DOI":"10.5620\/eht.2012.27.e2012017","article-title":"The role of p53 in marijuana smoke condensates-induced genotoxicity and apoptosis.","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Health Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.38.337","article-title":"Marijuana smoke condensate induces p53-mediated apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells.","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"orv190010r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2013.03.008","article-title":"A global toxicogenomic analysis investigating the mechanistic differences between tobacco and marijuana smoke condensates in vitro.","volume":"308","author":"Maertens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"orv190010r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L267","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00354.2016","article-title":"Marijuana smoke induces severe pulmonary hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and emphysema in a predictive mouse model not via CB1 receptor activation.","volume":"313","author":"Helyes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"orv190010r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.v50.2","article-title":"The impact of cannabis smoke on the performance of pulmonary surfactant under physiologically relevant conditions.","volume":"50","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surf Interface Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"orv190010r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-013-1745-1","article-title":"Effect of Cannabis sativa on oxidative stress and organ damage after systemic endotoxin administration in mice.","volume":"23","author":"Abdel-Salam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comp Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"orv190010r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.2014.171.issue-11","article-title":"Cannabinoids inhibit cholinergic contraction in human airways through prejunctional CB1 receptors.","volume":"171","author":"Grassin-Delyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2013.02.002","article-title":"The effects of cannabidiol on the antigen-induced contraction of airways smooth muscle in the guinea-pig.","volume":"26","author":"Dud\u00e1\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.221283","article-title":"The effect of phytocannabinoids on airway hyper-responsiveness, airway inflammation, and cough.","volume":"353","author":"Makwana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210641","article-title":"?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell migration in vitro as well as its growth and metastasis in vivo.","volume":"27","author":"Preet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"orv190010r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.12.043","article-title":"Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic plant-derived cannabinoid, decreases inflammation in a murine model of acute lung injury: role for the adenosine A(2A) receptor.","volume":"678","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r42","first-page":"209","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms and lung function in habitual heavy smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, smokers of tobacco alone, and nonsmokers.","volume":"135","author":"Tashkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"orv190010r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00275","article-title":"CFTR modulators: shedding light on precision medicine for cystic fibrosis.","volume":"7","author":"Lopes-Pacheco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"orv190010r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2005.645","article-title":"Smoked marijuana as a cause of lung injury.","volume":"63","author":"Tashkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2011.005","article-title":"Too many mouldy joints: marijuana and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.","volume":"3","author":"Gargani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00228914","article-title":"Effects of quitting cannabis on respiratory symptoms.","volume":"46","author":"Hancox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"orv190010r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-5-20","article-title":"How high: quantity as a predictor of cannabis-related problems.","volume":"5","author":"Walden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"6","key":"orv190010r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2002.34517","article-title":"Exudative laryngeal diseases of Reinke\u2019s space: a clinicohistopathological framing.","volume":"31","author":"Marcotullio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2009.05.002","article-title":"Vocal polyps: clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical aspects.","volume":"25","author":"Martins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2005.08.005","article-title":"Vocal fold wound healing: a review for clinicians.","volume":"20","author":"Branski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.018366","article-title":"Microarray-based characterization of differential gene expression during vocal fold wound healing in rats.","volume":"8","author":"Welham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"10","key":"orv190010r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139260","article-title":"Characterization of the leukocyte response in acute vocal fold injury.","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"orv190010r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2016.0015","article-title":"Extracellular matrix for vocal fold lamina propria replacement: a review.","volume":"22","author":"Wrona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"orv190010r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L298","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00157.2002","article-title":"?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol disrupts mitochondrial function and cell energetics.","volume":"284","author":"Sarafian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"orv190010r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00370-3","article-title":"?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol regulates Th1\/Th2 cytokine balance in activated human T cells.","volume":"133","author":"Yuan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"orv190010r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.1970.22.issue-7","article-title":"Distribution of tritiated ? 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rat tissues after inhalation.","volume":"7","author":"Ho","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"orv190010r59","first-page":"61","article-title":"The pyrolysis of cannabinoids.","volume":"99","author":"Tjeerdema","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"issue":"3964","key":"orv190010r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1126\/science.170.3964.1320","article-title":"Marihuana: studies on the disposition and metabolism of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man.","volume":"170","author":"Lemberger","year":"1970","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"orv190010r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201407-333OC","article-title":"The effects of marijuana exposure on expiratory airflow: a study of adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Study.","volume":"12","author":"Kempker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"19","key":"orv190010r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197305102881902","article-title":"Single-dose effects of marihuana smoke. bronchial dynamics and respiratory-center sensitivity in normal subjects.","volume":"288","author":"Vachon","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"orv190010r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197308162890702","article-title":"Acute pulmonary physiologic effects of smoked marijuana and oral (?)9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy young men.","volume":"289","author":"Tashkin","year":"1973","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r64","first-page":"57","article-title":"Bronchial effects of aerosolized ? 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy and asthmatic subjects.","volume":"115","author":"Tashkin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"orv190010r65","first-page":"420","article-title":"Acute effects of smoked marijuana and oral ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol on specific airway conductance in asthmatic subjects.","volume":"109","author":"Tashkin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"orv190010r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00109309","article-title":"Does cannabis use predispose to chronic airflow obstruction?","volume":"35","author":"Tashkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"7","key":"orv190010r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2016.1140181","article-title":"Association between asthma and dysphonia: a population-based study.","volume":"53","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"issue":"208","key":"orv190010r68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23274-9_14","article-title":"Muscarinic receptor antagonists: effects on pulmonary function.","author":"Buels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"orv190010r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000195107","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic bronchodilators.","volume":"50","author":"McFadden","year":"1986","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"3","key":"orv190010r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817751031","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: hoarseness (dysphonia) (update) executive summary.","volume":"158","author":"Stachler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"orv190010r71","article-title":"Cigarette smoke exposure to pig larynx in an inhalation chamber [published online July 5, 2018].","author":"Liu","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"orv190010r1","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2017"},{"key":"orv190010r8","volume-title":"Vocology: The Science and Practice of Voice Habilitation","author":"Titze","year":"2012"},{"key":"orv190010r14","volume-title":"Marijuana and the Cannabinoids","author":"Martin","year":"2007"},{"key":"orv190010r48","author":"Gillespie","year":"2015"},{"key":"orv190010r51","first-page":"3072","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Immunology","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1998"},{"key":"orv190010r3","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Cannabis statistics. 2018. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/181017\/dq181017c-eng.htm. Updated October 17, 2018. Accessed July 10, 2019."},{"key":"orv190010r28","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services. Study quality assessment tools. https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/study-quality-assessment-tools. Accessed March 24, 2019."}],"container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaotolaryngology\/articlepdf\/2747546\/jamaotolaryngology_meehanatrash_2019_rv_190010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T15:05:40Z","timestamp":1571324740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaotolaryngology\/fullarticle\/2747546"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.1986","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6181"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6181","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}}}