{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:54:59Z","timestamp":1770728099068,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi220036-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the authors\u2019 knowledge, no prior studies have examined the association between inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) and extraesophageal reflux (EER). If EER were a cause or cofactor of ITH, antireflux treatment can be considered prior to surgical intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi220036-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate EER presence and severity in patients with different degrees of ITH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi220036-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective multicentric cohort study<\/jats:p><jats:p>conducted at 3 referral centers treating patients with EER and certified for 24-hour monitoring of oropharyngeal pH. The monitoring was performed between October 2020 and October 2021.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 94 adult patients with EER symptoms were recruited, 90 of whom were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi220036-7\"><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nasal endoscopy was performed to determine the degree of ITH, according to the Camacho classification. Presence and severity of EER were examined using 24-hour monitoring of oropharyngeal pH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi220036-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary outcomes were presence of EER according to RYAN Score, total percentage of time below pH 5.5, and total numbers of EER events below pH 5.5.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi220036-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 90 analyzed patients (median [IQR] age, 46 [33-58] years; 36 [40%] male patients), 41 had a maximum of second-degree ITH (group 1), and 49 patients had at least third-degree ITH (group 2), according to the Camacho classification. On the basis of the RYAN Score, EER was diagnosed more often in group 2 (69.4%) than in group 1 (34.1%; difference, 35.3% [95% CI, 13.5%-56.9%]). Moreover, compared with group 1, group 2 exhibited higher median total percentage of time below pH 5.5 (median [IQR], group 1: 2.1% [0.0%-9.4%], group 2: 11.2% [1.5%-15.8%]; difference, 9.1% [95% CI, 4.1%-11.8%]) and higher median total number of EER events (median [IQR], group 1: 6 [1-14] events, group 2: 14 [4-26] events; difference, 8 [95% CI, 2-15] events). Patients with proven EER demonstrated no difference in the degree of ITH between the right and left nasal cavity (Cohen <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, \u22120.17 [95% CI, \u22120.50 to 0.30]), or between the anterior and posterior parts of the nasal cavity (Cohen <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>, \u22120.21 [95% CI, \u22120.50 to 0.17]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi220036-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort study, patients with a higher degree of ITH had more severe EER. A possible association between severe ITH and EER was demonstrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2022.1638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T15:33:27Z","timestamp":1656603207000},"page":"773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association Between Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy and Extraesophageal Reflux"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Karol","family":"Zelen\u00edk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Javorsk\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Comenius University, University Hospital, 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