{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:09:26Z","timestamp":1786975766270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230003-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent tinnitus is common, disabling, and difficult to treat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230003-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between circulating metabolites and persistent tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230003-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a population-based case-control study of 6477 women who were participants in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (NHS) and NHS II with metabolomic profiles and tinnitus data. Information on tinnitus onset and frequency was collected on biennial questionnaires (2009-2017). For cases, metabolomic profiles were measured (2015-2021) in blood samples collected after the date of the participant\u2019s first report of persistent tinnitus (NHS, 1989-1999 and 2010-2012; NHS II, 1996-1999). Data analyses were performed from January 24, 2022, to January 14, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230003-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 466 plasma metabolites from 488 cases of persistent tinnitus and 5989 controls were profiled using 3 complementary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230003-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of persistent tinnitus (per 1 SD increase in metabolite values) and 95% CIs for each individual metabolite. Metabolite set enrichment analysis was used to identify metabolite classes enriched for associations with tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230003-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 6477 study participants (mean [SD] age, 52 [9] years; 6477 [100%] female; 6121 [95%] White individuals) who were registered nurses, 488 reported experiencing daily persistent (\u22655 minutes) tinnitus. Compared with participants with no tinnitus (5989 controls), those with persistent tinnitus were slightly older (53.0 vs 51.8 years) and more likely to be postmenopausal, using oral postmenopausal hormone therapy, and have type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and\/or hearing loss at baseline. Compared with controls, homocitrulline (OR, 1.32; (95% CI, 1.16-1.50); C38:6 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE; OR, 1.24; 95% CIs, 1.12-1.38), C52:6 triglyceride (TAG; OR, 1.22; 95% CIs, 1.10-1.36), C36:4 PE (OR, 1.22; 95% CIs, 1.10-1.35), C40:6 PE (OR, 1.22; 95% CIs, 1.09-1.35), and C56:7 TAG (OR, 1.21; 95% CIs, 1.09-1.34) were positively associated, whereas \u03b1-keto-\u03b2-methylvalerate (OR, 0.68; 95% CIs, 0.56-0.82) and levulinate (OR, 0.60; 95% CIs, 0.46-0.79) were inversely associated with persistent tinnitus. Among metabolite classes, TAGs (normalized enrichment score [NES], 2.68), PEs (NES, 2.48), and diglycerides (NES, 1.65) were positively associated, whereas phosphatidylcholine plasmalogens (NES,\u2009\u22121.91), lysophosphatidylcholines (NES,\u2009\u22122.23), and cholesteryl esters (NES,\u22122.31) were inversely associated with persistent tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230003-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population-based case-control study of metabolomic profiles and tinnitus identified novel plasma metabolites and metabolite classes that were significantly associated with persistent tinnitus, suggesting that metabolomic studies may help improve understanding of tinnitus pathophysiology and identify therapeutic targets for this challenging disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2023.0052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T11:01:33Z","timestamp":1678964493000},"page":"404","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association of Plasma Metabolomic Biomarkers With Persistent Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Oana A.","family":"Zeleznik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Bradley","family":"Welling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Stankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Frueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raji","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary C.","family":"Curhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. 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