{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:16:03Z","timestamp":1793643363023,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230020-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Otologic disease is common among people with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), yet little is known about its spectrum and severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230020-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize otologic disease among participants with PCD using data from the Ear-Nose-Throat Prospective International Cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230020-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis of baseline cohort data from February 2020 through July 2022 included participants from 12 specialized centers in 10 countries. Children and adults with PCD diagnoses; routine ear, nose, and throat examinations; and completed symptom questionnaires at the same visit or within 2 weeks were prospectively included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230020-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Potential risk factors associated with increased risk of ear disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230020-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence and characteristics of patient-reported otologic symptoms and findings from otologic examinations, including potential factors associated with increased risk of ear inflammation and hearing impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230020-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 397 individuals were eligible to participate in this study (median [range] age, 15.2 [0.2-72.4] years; 186 (47%) female). Of the included participants, 204 (51%) reported ear pain, 110 (28%) reported ear discharge, and 183 (46%) reported hearing problems. Adults reported ear pain and hearing problems more frequently when compared with children. Otitis media with effusion\u2014usually bilateral\u2014was the most common otoscopic finding among 121 of 384 (32%) participants. Retracted tympanic membrane and tympanic sclerosis were more commonly seen among adults. Tympanometry was performed for 216 participants and showed pathologic type B results for 114 (53%). Audiometry was performed for 273 participants and showed hearing impairment in at least 1 ear, most commonly mild. Season of visit was the strongest risk factor for problems associated with ear inflammation (autumn vs spring: odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.51-3.81) and age 30 years and older for hearing impairment (41-50 years vs \u226410 years: odds ratio, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.12-9.91).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi230020-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, many people with PCD experienced ear problems, yet frequency varied, highlighting disease expression differences and possible clinical phenotypes. Understanding differences in otologic disease expression and progression during lifetime may inform clinical decisions about follow-up and medical care. Multidisciplinary PCD management should be recommended, including regular otologic assessments for all ages, even without specific complaints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2023.0841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T11:01:14Z","timestamp":1683802874000},"page":"587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characteristics of Otologic Disease Among Patients With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Myrofora","family":"Goutaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children\u2019s University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin Ting","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and 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