{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:02:08Z","timestamp":1793325728580,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240039-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total face restoration remains a challenge in modern reconstructive surgery. After 17 years of experiments and preliminary clinical studies, a new concept of face prefabrication was developed for face restoration with autologous tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240039-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the long-term results of face restoration with autologous tissue and report a finalized and standardized approach of face prefabrication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240039-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this single-center long-term retrospective study, 32 patients who underwent total face restoration between 2005 and 2022 were reviewed. These patients underwent total facial reconstruction, which included flap prefabrication, 3-dimensional printing, tissue expansion, and flap transfer with aid of indocyanine green angiography (IGA). The flap first undergoes prefabrication by transferring vascularized fascia under the skin of the selected chest. A tissue expander is then placed under the fascia to create a large, thin, reliable skin flap after expansion. Once completed, the flap is transferred to the face during the second stage of the reconstruction. Intraoperative IGA is performed to guide the design of subsequent openings for facial fissures. Data were analyzed from July to September 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240039-7\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Flap healing, reconstructive outcome, and patient recovery were assessed during follow-up. Three questionnaires, including the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Aesthetic and Functional Status Score of Facial Soft-Tissue Deformities\/Defects, and the EuroQoL Health-Related Quality of Life (EQ-5D-5L), were used to evaluate the quality of life and satisfaction with facial aesthetic and functional status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240039-8\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 24 included patients, 14 (58%) were male, and the mean (range) age was 32.9 (8-62) years. The mean (range) follow-up was 5.6 (2-12) years. All patients reported a significant improvement in quality of life (SF-36), especially in mean (SD) social functioning (preoperative score, 53.65 [34.51]; postoperative score, 80.73 [19.10]) and emotional stability (preoperative score, 56.67 [25.55]; postoperative score, 71.17 [18.51]). A total of 22 patients (92%) went back to work. Mean (SD) facial aesthetic status (preoperative score, 4.96 [3.26]; postoperative score, 11.52 [3.49]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) and functional status (preoperative score, 11.09 [3.51]; postoperative score, 15.78 [3.26]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;amp;lt;\u2009.001) also improved. In addition, there was a significant increase in overall satisfaction and self-reported health status (preoperative score, 8.13 [1.52]; postoperative score, 3.58 [2.31]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240039-9\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 5-year follow-up results suggested that this innovative approach to total face restoration offered a safe and valid option for indicated patients, with acceptable reconstructive and cosmetic outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2024.1572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T15:08:57Z","timestamp":1720019337000},"page":"695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Autologous Tissue Repair and Total Face Restoration"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Zan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hainan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangbai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yashan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuchen","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee L. Q.","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ooi240039r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2010.01.012","article-title":"Psychosocial considerations in facial transplantation.","volume":"36","author":"Soni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"5","key":"ooi240039r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31824e660e","article-title":"Facial resurfacing with a monoblock full-thickness skin graft after multiple malignant 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