{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:53:30Z","timestamp":1789829610499,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240041-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hearing loss may contribute to poor functional status via cognitive impairment and social isolation. Hearing aids may play a protective role by attenuating these downstream outcomes. However, population-based evidence is lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240041-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association of hearing loss and hearing aids with functional status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240041-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional (2016-2017) and longitudinal (2016-2022) analysis of data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort study included older, community-dwelling adults with complete data. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240041-7\"><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The better-hearing ear\u2019s pure tone average (BPTA) at speech frequencies (0.5-4 kHz) was modeled categorically (no [BPTA \u226425 dB], mild [26-40 dB], and moderate or greater hearing loss [&amp;amp;gt;40 dB]). Hearing aid use was self-reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240041-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Difficulties in activities of daily living (ADLs; eg, dressing and eating), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLS; eg, household chores and meal preparation), and heavier tasks (eg, walking a quarter of a mile) were self-reported at visit 6. The ability to perform usual activities, walk a half mile, walk up and down stairs, and do heavy housework without help were collected in follow-up surveys. Linear and logistic regression models were used that were adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240041-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 3142 participants (mean [SD] age, 79.3 [4.6] years; 1828 women [58.2%]), 1013 (32.2%) had no hearing loss, 1220 (38.8%) had mild hearing loss, and 909 (29.0%) had moderate or greater hearing loss. Moderate or greater hearing loss was cross-sectionally associated with difficulty in 1 or more ADLs (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02-1.58), IADLs (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71), and heavier tasks (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62) compared with no hearing loss. Over time (mean [SD] follow-up, 1.9 [1.8] years), moderate or greater hearing loss was associated with a faster decline in the number of activities participants were able to do (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.07 per year; 95% CI, \u22120.09 to \u22120.06) and greater odds of reporting inability to do 1 or more of the 4 activities (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.24). Hearing aid users and nonusers did not differ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240041-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study suggest that moderate or greater hearing loss was associated with functional difficulties and may contribute to a faster decline in function longitudinally independent of sociodemographic and health covariates. Hearing aids did not change the association among those with hearing loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2024.1716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T15:08:58Z","timestamp":1720019338000},"page":"705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Functional Status"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Assi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Twardzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Kucharska-Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Gwen","family":"Windham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Palta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Martinez-Amezcua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns 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