{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T10:59:09Z","timestamp":1793098749182,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240095-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigating rural-urban and regional differences in the association between dual sensory loss (concurrent hearing and vision loss) and depression may highlight gaps in sensory loss research and health care services, and by socioeconomic status. Whether urbanicity and region may modify associations between sensory loss and depression is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240095-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the rural-urban and regional differences in the association of dual sensory loss with depression among older adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240095-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study used data from wave 1 (April 2017-December 2019) of the population-based Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI). Participants were recruited from 35 states and union territories in India. LASI incorporated a multistage stratified area probability cluster sampling design to recruit participants 45 years and older and their spouses; 31\u202f447 eligible participants 60 years of age or older were interviewed. Data analyses were conducted from May 17, 2022, to November 11, 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240095-7\"><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensory loss (no sensory loss, hearing loss only, vision loss only, and dual sensory loss) was determined by respondents\u2019 self-reported perceived difficulty regarding hearing and vision function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240095-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF) scale was used to identify major episodic depression. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of depression comparing participants with vs without sensory loss, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Rural-urban and regional differences were assessed by including interaction terms between these variables and sensory loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240095-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study analysis included 27\u202f927 participants (mean [SD] age, 68.0 [7.2] years; 14\u202f477 [51%] females and 13\u202f450 [49%] males). The fully adjusted models showed that the odds of depression with dual sensory loss (vs no loss) was higher in urban (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.00-4.99) vs rural (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.31-2.29) residents and among residents in the West (OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.74-14.97) vs North (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.81-2.35) regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi240095-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings indicate that sensory loss is associated with depression in older adults, with differences by urbanicity and region. 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