{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:23:43Z","timestamp":1788780223151,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n The oral microbiome plays a critical role in cancer treatment responses, yet its influence on outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy remains poorly understood. Identifying specific microbiome signatures associated with treatment effectiveness could provide novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate the association between salivary\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n spp abundance and treatment outcomes in patients with HNSCC undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy and to explore potential mechanisms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This prognostic study analyzed saliva samples from patients with HNSCC who were enrolled in 2 independent prospective biomarker studies (SALIVA and ZissTrans) and underwent definitive (chemo)radiotherapy. Oral microbiome composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated via immunohistochemistry in patients with available data. Findings were further assessed using data from The Cancer Microbiome Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Sample collection occurred from 2008 to 2011 (SALIVA) and from 2017 to 2022 (ZissTrans), and the data for this study were analyzed from July to December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Definitive (chemo)radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n The primary outcome was locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and a secondary outcome was overall survival (OS). Additional secondary analyses evaluated the association between\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n spp levels and TIL levels, and the incidence of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The analysis included 92 patients with HNSCC (mean [SD] age, 61.1 [7.9] years; 15 female [16.3%] 77 male [83.7%] individuals) and found that higher\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n spp abundance was associated with substantially improved LRFS (median, 69 vs 11 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29-0.86) and OS (median, 75 vs 27 months; HR,\u20090.54; 95% CI, 0.30-0.98). This finding was confirmed by multivariable Cox regression (LRFS: HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25-1.00; OS: HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.85). TILs were evaluated in 76 patients (82.2%) and showed that increased\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n spp levels were associated with higher CD4-positive and CD8-positive TIL counts.\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n spp abundance showed no meaningful association with severe radiation-induced oral mucositis. Data from The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (n\u2009=\u2009157) indicated that higher intratumoral\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n spp levels were associated with improved OS (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98). Transcriptomic analyses in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort further supported an immune-stimulated tumor microenvironment in\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n -high tumors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n This prognostic study found that higher salivary\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n spp abundance was associated with improved tumor control and survival in patients with HNSCC undergoing (chemo)radiotherapy. These findings support further investigation into microbiome-targeted interventions to improve HNSCC treatment effectiveness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2025.2816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T15:00:23Z","timestamp":1757602823000},"page":"1026","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Oral\n Lachnoanaerobaculum<\/i>\n Levels and Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"R\u00fchle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site DKTK-Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, 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