{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:49:17Z","timestamp":1782449357104,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi250075-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become substantially more popular as a medication to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite their known association with gastroesophageal reflux disease and vagal nerve stimulation, the association between GLP-1RAs and chronic cough has not been previously studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi250075-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the clinical association between GLP-1RAs and chronic cough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi250075-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This large, multicenter cohort study used clinical records from a US-based collection of electronic medical record data from April 28, 2005, to April 15, 2025, from 70 health care organizations. Adults (\u226518 years) with T2D and prescription of a GLP-1RA were identified. Additionally, groups with T2D and prescription of another second-line diabetes medication, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and sulfonylureas were created. After propensity score matching for various demographic and clinical characteristics, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox regression analyses to estimate the risk of new chronic cough or gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi250075-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1RAs or other second-line diabetes medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi250075-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic cough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi250075-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohorts included 427\u202f555 individuals (mean [SD] age, 55.8 [13.8] years; 251\u202f928 female individuals [58.9%]) with T2D who were prescribed a GLP-1RA and 1\u202f614\u202f495 individuals (mean [SD] age, 63.7 [13.3] years; 712\u202f946 female individuals [44.4%]) with T2D who were prescribed another second-line diabetes medication. After propensity score matching, individuals prescribed a GLP-1RA had significantly increased risk of new chronic cough compared with individuals prescribed any non\u2013GLP-1RA second-line medication (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16), DPP-4 inhibitor (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.11-1.26), or sulfonylurea (aHR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.24-1.40) but not compared with SLGT2 inhibitors (aHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98-1.09). After removing patients with a previous diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease from analysis, patients prescribed GLP-1RAs had significantly increased risk of chronic cough compared with those prescribed any non\u2013GLP-1RA (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.42), DPP4 inhibitor (aHR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.17-1.58), SGLT2 inhibitor (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28), or sulfonylurea (aHR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.42).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-ooi250075-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study suggests an association between GLP-1RA use and chronic cough. Further research is needed to confirm the existence, strength, and mechanisms of this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2025.4181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:31:20Z","timestamp":1764174680000},"page":"163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Chronic Cough"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Caruso Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego E.","family":"Razura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 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