{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:36:27Z","timestamp":1792604187908,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T16:35:35Z","timestamp":1609173335000},"page":"276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevalence and Childhood Precursors of Opioid Use in the Early Decades of Life"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Lilly","family":"Shanahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherika N.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bechtiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annekatrin","family":"Steinhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Godwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M.","family":"Gaydosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen Mullan","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Population Center, Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Dodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vermont Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"key":"poi200082r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122957","article-title":"The prescription opioid and heroin crisis: a public health approach to an epidemic of addiction.","volume":"36","author":"Kolodny","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi200082r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.11.018","article-title":"Sources of nonmedical prescription drug misuse among US high school seniors: differences in motives and substance use behaviors.","volume":"58","author":"McCabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1635955","article-title":"Friends and relatives as sources of prescription opioids for misuse among young adults: the significance of physician source and race\/ethnic differences.","volume":"41","author":"Ford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12809","article-title":"Sources of prescription opioid pain relievers by frequency of past-year nonmedical use: United States, 2008-2011.","volume":"174","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"poi200082r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107563","article-title":"Evidence for state, community and systems-level prevention strategies to address the opioid crisis.","volume":"204","author":"Haegerich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"poi200082r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.001","article-title":"What we know, and don\u2019t know, about the impact of state policy and systems-level interventions on prescription drug overdose.","volume":"145","author":"Haegerich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"poi200082r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.08.033","article-title":"Prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use among 12-34 year-olds in the United States from 2002 to 2014.","volume":"65","author":"Martins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.07.016","article-title":"Increasing use of nonmedical analgesics among younger cohorts in the United States: a birth cohort effect.","volume":"52","author":"Miech","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"poi200082r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16932","article-title":"Life expectancy and mortality rates in the United States, 1959\u20132017.","volume":"322","author":"Woolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1169","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-1364","article-title":"Prescription opioids in adolescence and future opioid misuse.","volume":"136","author":"Miech","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi200082r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2387","article-title":"Trends in medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioids among US adolescents: 1976\u20132015.","volume":"139","author":"McCabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/add.2014.109.issue-1","article-title":"Non-medical use of prescription opioids during the transition to adulthood: a multi-cohort national longitudinal study.","volume":"109","author":"McCabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"poi200082r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.11.003","article-title":"Racial and ethnic trends and correlates of non-medical use of prescription opioids among adolescents in the United States 2004-2013.","volume":"73","author":"Vaughn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"poi200082r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.10.013","article-title":"Nonmedical prescription opioids and pathways of drug involvement in the US: generational differences.","volume":"182","author":"Wall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9","key":"poi200082r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.209","article-title":"Extramedical use of prescription pain relievers by youth aged 12 to 21 years in the United States: national estimates by age and by year.","volume":"166","author":"Meier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"poi200082r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.024","article-title":"Age-related patterns in nonmedical prescription opioid use and disorder in the US population at ages 12-34 from 2002 to 2014.","volume":"177","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2132","article-title":"Epidemiology of DSM-5 drug use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III.","volume":"73","author":"Grant","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi200082r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.03.015","article-title":"Risk profiles among adolescent nonmedical opioid users in the United States.","volume":"37","author":"Vaughn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi200082r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.09.002","article-title":"Painfully obvious: a longitudinal examination of medical use and misuse of opioid medication among adolescent sports participants.","volume":"54","author":"Veliz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.07.007","article-title":"Associations between adolescent chronic pain and prescription opioid misuse in adulthood.","volume":"20","author":"Groenewald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi200082r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.071","article-title":"Nonmedical prescription opioid use in childhood and early adolescence predicts transitions to heroin use in young adulthood: a national study.","volume":"167","author":"Cerd\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi200082r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12621","article-title":"Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health.","volume":"57","author":"Reuben","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi200082r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4111","article-title":"Accuracy in reporting past psychiatric symptoms: the role of cross-sectional studies in psychiatric research.","volume":"71","author":"Compton","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2012.712173","article-title":"Advancing American Indian and Alaska Native substance abuse research: current science and future directions.","volume":"38","author":"Etz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2012.712174","article-title":"Advancing American Indian\/Alaska Native substance abuse research.","volume":"38","author":"Volkow","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2012.694527","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of substance use among American Indians and Alaska Natives: risk, protection, and implications for prevention.","volume":"38","author":"Whitesell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.0382","article-title":"Substance use among American Indian youths on reservations compared with a national sample of US adolescents.","volume":"1","author":"Swaim","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10073","key":"poi200082r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30187-3","article-title":"Trends in premature mortality in the USA by sex, race, and ethnicity from 1999 to 2014: an analysis of death certificate data.","volume":"389","author":"Shiels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi200082r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837","article-title":"Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence.","volume":"60","author":"Costello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"poi200082r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830120067012","article-title":"The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth: goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM-III-R disorders.","volume":"53","author":"Costello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.017","article-title":"Longitudinal patterns of anxiety from childhood to adulthood: the Great Smoky Mountains Study.","volume":"53","author":"Copeland","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200001000-00015","article-title":"The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA).","volume":"39","author":"Angold","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.02.020","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnostic interviews for children and adolescents: a comparative study.","volume":"51","author":"Angold","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi200082r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700034991","article-title":"A test-retest reliability study of child-reported psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA-C).","volume":"25","author":"Angold","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi200082r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2013.04.010","article-title":"Sex-differentiated changes in C-reactive protein from ages 9 to 21: the contributions of BMI and physical\/sexual maturation.","volume":"38","author":"Shanahan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"poi200082r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.04.001","article-title":"Why sickness hurts: a central mechanism for pain induced by peripheral inflammation.","volume":"57","author":"Karshikoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain.","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029500400106","article-title":"Screening for stratification in two-phase (\u2018two-stage\u2019) epidemiological surveys.","volume":"4","author":"Pickles","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi200082r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n0202","article-title":"The undertreatment of dysthymia.","volume":"58","author":"Shelton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"poi200082r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.9.929","article-title":"The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women.","volume":"60","author":"Kendler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi200082r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00026-4","article-title":"The comorbidity of depression and substance use disorders.","volume":"20","author":"Swendsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"poi200082r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990-2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"154","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9","key":"poi200082r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu227","article-title":"Tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence, and patterns of prescription opioid misuse: results from a nationally representative sample.","volume":"17","author":"Zale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"poi200082r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.03.010","article-title":"Nicotine dependence predicts repeated use of prescribed opioids: prospective population-based cohort study.","volume":"20","author":"Skurtveit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.07.004","article-title":"Adverse childhood events as risk factors for substance dependence: partial mediation by mood and anxiety disorders.","volume":"35","author":"Douglas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi200082r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-019-01697-8","article-title":"Recent increases in depressive symptoms among US adolescents: trends from 1991 to 2018.","volume":"54","author":"Keyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229709030550","article-title":"The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications.","volume":"4","author":"Khantzian","year":"1997","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"poi200082r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.010","article-title":"Opioid abuse and depression in adolescents: results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.","volume":"152","author":"Edlund","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi200082r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2012.735564","article-title":"Nonmedical use of prescription opioids among adolescents: subtypes based on motivation for use.","volume":"31","author":"Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi200082r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.928660","article-title":"Psychological and drug abuse symptoms associated with nonmedical use of opioid analgesics among adolescents.","volume":"35","author":"Boyd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi200082r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.01.011","article-title":"Abnormal reward functioning across substance use disorders and major depressive disorder: considering reward as a transdiagnostic mechanism.","volume":"98","author":"Baskin-Sommers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"poi200082r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.014","article-title":"Understanding the demand side of the prescription opioid epidemic: does the initial source of opioids matter?","volume":"173","author":"Cicero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi200082r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.10.893","article-title":"Psychiatric disorder, impairment, and service use in rural African American and white youth.","volume":"59","author":"Angold","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.75","article-title":"Perceived parental burden and service use for child and adolescent psychiatric disorders.","volume":"88","author":"Angold","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi200082r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1878","article-title":"National trends in the prevalence and treatment of depression in adolescents and young adults.","volume":"138","author":"Mojtabai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi200082r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300541","article-title":"Increase in untreated cases of psychiatric disorders during the transition to adulthood.","volume":"66","author":"Copeland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"poi200082r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g3596","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3596","article-title":"Changes in antidepressant use by young people and suicidal behavior after FDA warnings and media coverage: quasi-experimental study.","volume":"348","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"poi200082r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2014.12.011","article-title":"Dysfunctional reward processing in depression.","volume":"4","author":"Admon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi200082r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199907000-00015","article-title":"Somatic complaints and psychopathology in children and adolescents: stomach aches, musculoskeletal pains, and headaches.","volume":"38","author":"Egger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi200082r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002840","article-title":"Childhood somatic complaints predict generalized anxiety and depressive disorders during young adulthood in a community sample.","volume":"45","author":"Shanahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"poi200082r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433","article-title":"Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review.","volume":"163","author":"Bair","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-0865","article-title":"Prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders in U.S. adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.","volume":"167","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.v27.5","article-title":"National trends in long-term use of prescription opioids.","volume":"27","author":"Mojtabai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"49","key":"poi200082r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15078","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518393112","article-title":"Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century.","volume":"112","author":"Case","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi200082r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305016","article-title":"Does despair really kill? a roadmap for an evidence-based answer.","volume":"109","author":"Shanahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi200082r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.06.010","article-title":"Previous use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and subsequent abuse of prescription opioids in young adults.","volume":"52","author":"Fiellin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi200082r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2011.05.010","article-title":"Development of the motivational system during adolescence, and its sensitivity to disruption by nicotine.","volume":"1","author":"Counotte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"poi200082r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.07.003","article-title":"Adolescent brain maturation and smoking: what we know and where we\u2019re headed.","volume":"45","author":"Lydon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2006.09.026","article-title":"Adolescent reward system perseveration due to nicotine: studies with methylphenidate.","volume":"29","author":"Nolley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"poi200082r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.039","article-title":"A psychobiological framework of the substrates that mediate nicotine use during adolescence.","volume":"56","author":"O\u2019Dell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi200082r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.2008.107.issue-3","article-title":"Chronic nicotine modifies the effects of morphine on extracellular striatal dopamine and ventral tegmental GABA.","volume":"107","author":"Vihavainen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi200082r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.32","article-title":"Nicotine increases codeine analgesia through the induction of brain CYP2D and central activation of codeine to morphine.","volume":"40","author":"McMillan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi200082r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.9.3.313","article-title":"Initial symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents.","volume":"9","author":"DiFranza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.011","article-title":"On the development of nicotine dependence in adolescence.","volume":"91","author":"Kandel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi200082r81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.4.748","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among teens.","volume":"106","author":"Goodman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi219","article-title":"Effect of smoking on depressive symptomatology: a reexamination of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.","volume":"162","author":"Duncan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi200082r83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr046","article-title":"Adolescent smokers show decreased brain responses to pleasurable food images compared with nonsmokers.","volume":"13","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"poi200082r84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.12.010","article-title":"Assessment of pain in adolescents: influence of gender, smoking status and tobacco abstinence.","volume":"67","author":"Bagot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181657d3c","article-title":"Is smoking a risk factor for low back pain in adolescents? a prospective cohort study.","volume":"33","author":"Mikkonen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"poi200082r86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2018.05.008","article-title":"Peer influence, friend selection, and gender: how network processes shape adolescent smoking, drinking, and delinquency.","volume":"55","author":"McMillan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Networks"},{"issue":"12","key":"poi200082r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.12.1125","article-title":"Shared genetic risk of major depression, alcohol dependence, and marijuana dependence: contribution of antisocial personality disorder in men.","volume":"59","author":"Fu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi200082r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.11.006","article-title":"Cannabis use and disorder from childhood to adulthood in a longitudinal community sample with American Indians.","volume":"56","author":"Copeland","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi200082r89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1257\/app.5.2.1","article-title":"Young adult obesity and household income: effects of unconditional cash transfers.","volume":"5","author":"Akee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Econ J Appl Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0163","article-title":"The surge of opioid use, addiction, and overdoses: responsibility and response of the US health care system.","volume":"74","author":"Madras","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"poi200082r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.621","article-title":"Association of family income supplements in adolescence with development of psychiatric and substance use disorders in adulthood among an American Indian population.","volume":"303","author":"Costello","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"poi200082r92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.08.033","article-title":"Association of childhood abuse and prescription opioid use in early adulthood.","volume":"76","author":"Austin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"poi200082r93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.026","article-title":"Family ties: maternal-offspring attachment and young adult nonmedical prescription opioid use.","volume":"142","author":"Cerd\u00e1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000858","article-title":"Trends in Black and White opioid mortality in the United States, 1979\u20132015.","volume":"29","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi200082r95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0020","article-title":"Promotion of mental health as a key element of pediatric care.","volume":"174","author":"Perrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi200082r96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1061","article-title":"The future of pediatrics: mental health competencies for pediatric primary care.","volume":"124","author":"Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health and Task Force on Mental Health","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi200082r97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4807-x","article-title":"Effect of integrating substance use disorder treatment into primary care on inpatient and emergency department utilization.","volume":"34","author":"Wakeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi200082r98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.4878","article-title":"Association of opioid prescribing patterns with prescription opioid overdose in adolescents and young adults.","volume":"174","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"poi200082r2","volume-title":"Dreamland: The True Tale of America's Opiate Epidemic","author":"Quinones","year":"2016"},{"key":"poi200082r36","volume-title":"The Young Adult Psychiatric Assessment (YAPA)","author":"Angold","year":"1999"},{"key":"poi200082r37","first-page":"344","volume-title":"Lewis's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook","author":"Angold","year":"2007","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"poi200082r43","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Diagnostic Assessment in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology","author":"Angold","year":"1999"},{"key":"poi200082r8","unstructured":"Trust for America's Health and Well Being Trust. Alcohol and drug misuse and suicide and the millennial generation\u2014a devastating impact. Accessed February 1, 2020. https:\/\/www.tfah.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/TFAH2019_YoungAdult_PainBrief_FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"poi200082r26","unstructured":"Meit? M, Heffernan? M, Tanenbaum? E, Hoffmann? T. Final report: Appalachian diseases of despair. Accessed September 14, 2017. https:\/\/www.arc.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/AppalachianDiseasesofDespairAugust2017.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/articlepdf\/2773983\/jamapediatrics_shanahan_2020_oi_200082_1613507653.75319.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T16:24:47Z","timestamp":1614615887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2773983"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.5205","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]}}}