{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:56:58Z","timestamp":1792601818799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Survival of infants born extremely preterm (EP) (&amp;lt;28 weeks\u2019 gestation) has increased since the early 1990s. It is necessary to know whether increased survival is accompanied by increased neurodevelopmental disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To examine changes in major (ie, moderate or severe) neurodevelopmental disability and survival free of major neurodevelopmental disability at 2 years in infants born EP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>Four prospective longitudinal cohort studies comprising all EP live births at 22 to 27 weeks\u2019 gestation from April 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017, and earlier eras (1991-1992, 1997, and 2005), and contemporaneous term-born controls in the state of Victoria, Australia. Among 1208 live births during the periods studied, data were available for analysis of 2-year outcomes in 1152 children: 422 (1991-1992), 215 (1997), 263 (2005), and 252 (2016-2017). Data analysis was performed from September 17, 2020, to April 15, 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Extreme preterm live birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Survival, blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and neurodevelopmental disability at 2 years\u2019 corrected age. Developmental delay comprised a developmental quotient less than \u22121 SD relative to the control group means on the Bayley Scales for each era. Major neurodevelopmental disability comprised blindness, deafness, moderate to severe cerebral palsy, or a developmental quotient less than \u22122 SDs. Individual neurodevelopmental outcomes in each era were contrasted relative to the 2016-2017 cohort using logistic regression adjusted for gestational age, sex, birth weight z<\/jats:italic> score, and sociodemographic variables. Changes in survival free of major neurodevelopmental disability over time were also assessed using logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Survival to 2 years was highest in 2016-2017 (73% [215 of 293]) compared with earlier eras (1991-1992: 53% [225 of 428]; 1997: 70% [151 of 217]; 2005: 63% [170 of 270]). Blindness and deafness were uncommon (&amp;lt;3%). Cerebral palsy was less common in 2016-2017 (6%) than in earlier eras (1991-1992: 11%; 1997: 12%; 2005: 10%). There were no obvious changes in the rates of developmental quotient less than \u22122 SDs across eras (1991-1992: 18%; 1997: 22%; 2005: 7%; 2016-2017: 15%) or in rates of major neurodevelopmental disability (1991-1992: 20%; 1997: 26%; 2005: 15%; 2016-2017: 15%). Rates of survival free of major neurodevelopmental disability increased steadily over time: 42% (1991-1992), 51% (1997), 53% (2005), and 62% (2016-2017) (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.48 per decade; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>These findings suggest that survival free of major disability at age 2 years in children born EP has increased by an absolute 20% since the early 1990s. Increased survival has not been associated with increased neurodevelopmental disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.2052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T11:32:52Z","timestamp":1626694372000},"page":"1035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Temporal Trends in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes to 2 Years After Extremely Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Jeanie L. Y.","family":"Cheong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy E.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia J.","family":"Spittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian F.","family":"Opie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Neonatal Services, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie A.","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Paediatric Infant Perinatal Emergency Retrieval, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gehan","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Community and Child Health, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Population Health, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisha K.","family":"Josev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Neonatal Services, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noni","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah M.","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Neonatal Medicine, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lex W.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Services, Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanie","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merilyn","family":"Bear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Courtot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noni","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lex","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne","family":"Duff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Haikerwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisha","family":"Josev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Novella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Opie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gehan","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Spittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"3, pt 1","key":"poi210039r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.505","article-title":"Evaluation of neonatal intensive care for extremely low birth weight infants in Victoria over two decades: I\u2014 effectiveness.","volume":"113","author":"Doyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"poi210039r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037507","article-title":"Changing consumption of resources for respiratory support and short-term outcomes in four consecutive geographical cohorts of infants born extremely preterm over 25 years since the early 1990s.","volume":"10","author":"Cheong","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"poi210039r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7961","article-title":"Neurological and developmental outcome in extremely preterm children born in England in 1995 and 2006: the EPICure studies.","volume":"345","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi210039r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1605566","article-title":"Survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes among periviable infants.","volume":"376","author":"Younge","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi210039r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.1979.21.issue-5","article-title":"A longitudinal study of very low-birthweight infants; II\u2014results of controlled trial of intensive care and incidence of handicaps.","volume":"21","author":"Kitchen","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi210039r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-4086","article-title":"Changing neurodevelopment at 8 years in children born extremely preterm since the 1990s.","volume":"139","author":"Cheong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi210039r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1958","article-title":"Trends in executive functioning in extremely preterm children across 3 birth eras.","volume":"141","author":"Burnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi210039r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3410","article-title":"Motor impairment trends in extremely preterm children: 1991-2005.","volume":"141","author":"Spittle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10079","key":"poi210039r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30312-4","article-title":"The evolution of modern respiratory care for preterm infants.","volume":"389","author":"Owen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi210039r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858","article-title":"Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus.","author":"Doyle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi210039r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000144","article-title":"Natural surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.","author":"Soll","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"poi210039r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub3","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth.","volume":"3","author":"Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi210039r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1999.00349.x","article-title":"Changing mortality and causes of death in infants 23-27 weeks\u2019 gestational age.","volume":"35","author":"Doyle","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi210039r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460.2011.544139","article-title":"Revised birth centiles for weight, length and head circumference in the UK-WHO growth charts.","volume":"38","author":"Cole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi210039r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.1997.39.issue-4","article-title":"Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.","volume":"39","author":"Palisano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi210039r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2014.10","article-title":"Using the Bayley-III to assess neurodevelopmental delay: which cut-off should be used?","volume":"75","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi210039r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.07.013","article-title":"Outcomes at age 2 years of infants <28 weeks\u2019 gestational age born in Victoria in 2005.","volume":"156","author":"Doyle","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"poi210039r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j3448","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3448","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years for preterm children born at 22 to 34 weeks\u2019 gestation in France in 2011: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study.","volume":"358","author":"Pierrat","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi210039r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14011","article-title":"Cerebral palsy trends in Australia (1995-2009): a population-based observational study.","volume":"61","author":"Galea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi210039r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.2019.61.issue-5","article-title":"Decreasing prevalence of cerebral palsy in birth cohorts in South Carolina using Medicaid, disability service, and hospital discharge data, 1996 to 2009.","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi210039r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12865","article-title":"Decreasing prevalence in cerebral palsy: a multi-site European population-based study, 1980 to 2003.","volume":"58","author":"Sellier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"poi210039r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.v61.4","article-title":"Translating antenatal magnesium sulphate neuroprotection for infants born <28 weeks\u2019 gestation into practice: a geographical cohort study.","author":"Doyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"21","key":"poi210039r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.5725","article-title":"Association between oxygen saturation targeting and death or disability in extremely preterm infants in the Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis Collaboration.","volume":"319","author":"Askie","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi210039r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514212","article-title":"Outcomes of two trials of oxygen-saturation targets in preterm infants.","volume":"374","author":"Tarnow-Mordi","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"poi210039r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911781","article-title":"Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants.","volume":"362","author":"Carlo","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi210039r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.20","article-title":"Underestimation of developmental delay by the new Bayley-III scale.","volume":"164","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi210039r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3102","article-title":"Developmental disability at school age and difficulty obtaining follow-up data.","volume":"141","author":"Doyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi210039r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12049","article-title":"Does the Bayley-III Motor Scale at 2 years predict motor outcome at 4 years in very preterm children?","volume":"55","author":"Spittle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi210039r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1258","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3039","article-title":"Bayley-III Cognitive and Language scales in preterm children.","volume":"135","author":"Spencer-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi210039r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.160283","article-title":"The stability of the diagnosis of developmental disability between ages 2 and 8 in a geographic cohort of very preterm children born in 1997.","volume":"95","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"poi210039r14","volume-title":"Australia\u2019s Mothers and Babies 2018: In Brief\u2014 Perinatal Statistics Series No. 36. Cat. No. PER 108.","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2020"},{"key":"poi210039r17","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant Development","author":"Bayley","year":"1969"},{"key":"poi210039r18","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant Development\u2014Revised","author":"Bayley","year":"1993"},{"key":"poi210039r19","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development","author":"Bayley","year":"2005","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"poi210039r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple Imputation for Non Response in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"1987"},{"key":"poi210039r28","volume-title":"Volpe\u2019s Neurology of the Newborn","author":"Volpe","year":"2018","edition":"6th ed."}],"container-title":["JAMA Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/articlepdf\/2782149\/jamapediatrics_cheong_2021_oi_210039_1694181148.69454.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T11:02:18Z","timestamp":1694430138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2782149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.2052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]}}}