{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:15:21Z","timestamp":1792167321515,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] &amp;amp;lt;20 ng\/mL) is prevalent among children living in temperate climates and has been reported to associate independently with stunting, obesity, and early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Phase 3 randomized clinical trials to investigate the influence of long-term vitamin D replacement on growth, body composition, and pubertal development of school-aged children with vitamin D deficiency are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences linear growth, body composition, or pubertal development in school-aged children living in a setting where vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This secondary analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from June 2016 to June 2019 at 18 grade schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. School-aged children (6 to 13 years at baseline) attending participating schools were included. Exclusion criteria included a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube assay result, conditions or medications associated with altered vitamin D metabolism, use of vitamin D supplements, signs of rickets, or intention to move from Ulaanbaatar within 4 years. Of 11\u202f475 children invited to participate in the study, 9814 underwent QFT testing, and 8851 with negative results were included in the study. All but 1 participant in the placebo group completed follow-up and were included in the present analysis. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to February 2022.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Weekly oral doses of vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, 14\u202f000 IU, (n\u2009=\u20094418), or placebo (n\u2009=\u20094433) for 3 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> scores for height for age, body mass index for age, and waist-to-height ratio; mean percentage body fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass; and mean Tanner scores for pubertal development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 8851 participants, 4366 (49.3%) were female, and 8165 (92.2%) were of Khalkh ethnicity; the mean (SD) age was 9.4 (1.6) years. A total of 8453 participants (95.5%) were vitamin D deficient at baseline, and mean end-of-study 25(OH)D concentrations among participants randomized to vitamin D vs placebo were 31.0 vs 10.7 ng\/mL (mean difference, 20.3; 95% CI; 19.9-20.6). However, vitamin D supplementation did not influence mean height for age, body mass index for age, waist-to-height ratio, percentage body fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, or Tanner scores, either overall or within subgroups defined by baseline 25(OH)D concentration less than 10 ng\/mL vs 10 ng\/mL or greater, estimated calcium intake less than 500 mg\/d vs 500 mg\/d or greater, or male vs female sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>In school-aged children in this study with low baseline vitamin D status, oral vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> supplementation at a dose of 14\u202f000 IU per week for 3 years was effective in elevating 25(OH)D concentrations but did not influence growth, body composition, or pubertal development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02276755\">NCT02276755<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.4581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T16:36:07Z","timestamp":1669653367000},"page":"32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Influence of Vitamin D Supplementation on Growth, Body Composition, and Pubertal Development Among School-aged Children in an Area With a High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Davaasambuu","family":"Ganmaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. 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