{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:50:11Z","timestamp":1792659011890,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the increased risk of obesity among individuals with autism has been well established, evidence on the association between autism, cardiometabolic disorders, and obesity remains inconclusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association between autism spectrum disorders and cardiometabolic diseases in a systematic review and meta-analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-6\"><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, and Ovid databases were searched from inception through July 31, 2022, without restrictions on date of publication or language.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-7\"><jats:title>Study Selection<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational or baseline data of interventional studies reporting the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (ie, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic macrovascular disease) among children and\/or adults with autism and matched with participants without autism were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-8\"><jats:title>Data Extraction and Synthesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by at least 2 researchers. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the meta package in R.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-9\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative risks (RRs) of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic macrovascular disease among individuals with autism were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included the RR of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-10\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 34 studies were evaluated and included 276\u202f173 participants with autism and 7\u202f733\u202f306 participants without autism (mean [range] age, 31.2 [3.8-72.8] years; pooled proportion [range] of female individuals, 47% [0-66%]). Autism was associated with greater risks of developing diabetes overall (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.23-2.01; 20 studies), type 1 diabetes (RR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.06-2.54; 6 studies), and type 2 diabetes (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.30-4.70; 3 studies). Autism was also associated with increased risks of dyslipidemia (RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.20-2.40; 7 studies) and heart disease (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.42-1.50; 3 studies). Yet, there was no significantly associated increased risk of hypertension and stroke with autism (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.98-1.52; 12 studies; and RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.63-2.24; 4 studies, respectively). Meta-regression analyses revealed that children with autism were at a greater associated risk of developing diabetes and hypertension compared with adults. High between-study heterogeneity was a concern for several meta-analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi220089-11\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that the associated increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases should prompt clinicians to vigilantly monitor individuals with autism for potential contributors, signs of cardiometabolic disease, and their complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.5629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T16:13:51Z","timestamp":1675095231000},"page":"248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Cardiometabolic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Chathurika S.","family":"Dhanasekara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Science and Primary Care, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University 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