{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:56:50Z","timestamp":1793645810208,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Whether some domains of child development are specifically associated with screen time and whether the association continues with age remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To examine the association between screen time exposure among children aged 1 year and 5 domains of developmental delay (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal and social skills) at age 2 and 4 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Participants, and Setting<\/jats:title>\n This cohort study was conducted under the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Pregnant women at 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures in Japan were recruited into the study between July 2013 and March 2017. The information was collected prospectively, and 7097 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed on March 20, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Four categories of screen time exposure were identified for children aged 1 year (&amp;lt;1, 1 to &amp;lt;2, 2 to &amp;lt;4, or \u22654 h\/d).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Developmental delays in the 5 domains for children aged 2 and 4 years were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages &amp;amp; Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Each domain ranged from 0 to 60 points. Developmental delay was defined if the total score for each domain was less than 2 SDs from its mean score.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of the 7097 children in this study, 3674 were boys (51.8%) and 3423 were girls (48.2%). With regard to screen time exposure per day, 3440 children (48.5%) had\u2009less than 1 hour, 2095 (29.5%) had 1 to less than 2 hours, 1272 (17.9%) had 2 to less than 4 hours, and 290 (4.1%) had 4 or more hours. Children\u2019s screen time was associated with a higher risk of developmental delay at age 2 years in the communication (odds ratio [OR],\u20091.61 [95% CI, 1.23-2.10] for 1 to &amp;lt;2 h\/d; 2.04 [1.52-2.74] for 2 to &amp;lt;4 h\/d; 4.78 [3.24-7.06] for \u22654 vs &amp;lt;1 h\/d), fine motor (1.74 [1.09-2.79] for \u22654 vs &amp;lt;1 h\/d), problem-solving (1.40 [1.02-1.92] for 2 to &amp;lt;4 h\/d; 2.67 [1.72-4.14] for \u22654 vs &amp;lt;1 h\/d), and personal and social skills (2.10 [1.39-3.18] for \u22654 vs &amp;lt;1 h\/d) domains. Regarding risk of developmental delay at age 4 years, associations were identified in the communication (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.20-2.25] for 2 to &amp;lt;4 h\/d; 2.68 [1.68-4.27] for \u22654 vs &amp;lt;1 h\/d) and problem-solving (1.91 [1.17-3.14] for \u22654 vs &amp;lt;1 h\/d) domains.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this study, greater screen time for children aged 1 year was associated with developmental delays in communication and problem-solving at ages 2 and 4 years. These findings suggest that domains of developmental delay should be considered separately in future discussions on screen time and child development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.3057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T11:32:47Z","timestamp":1692617567000},"page":"1039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Ippei","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Obara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 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