{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:23:23Z","timestamp":1792167803463,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Hypertension affects 6% of all children, and its prevalence is increasing. Childhood hypertension tracks into adulthood and is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease; however, there is a lack of evidence linking childhood hypertension to cardiovascular outcomes, which may contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine the long-term associated risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among children diagnosed with hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This was a population-based, retrospective, matched cohort study conducted from 1996 to 2022. The study included all children (aged 3-18 years) alive in Ontario, Canada, from 1996 to 2021, who were identified using provincial administrative health databases. Children with prior kidney replacement therapy were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposure<\/jats:title>\n Incident hypertension diagnosis, identified by validated case definitions using diagnostic and physician billing claims. Each case was matched with 5 controls without hypertension by age, sex, birth weight, maternal gestational hypertension, prior comorbidities (chronic kidney disease, diabetes, cardiovascular surgery), and a propensity score for hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was MACE (a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina, or coronary intervention). Time to MACE was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 25\u202f605 children (median [IQR] age, 15 [11-17] years; 14\u202f743 male [57.6%]) with hypertension were matched to 128\u202f025 controls without hypertension. Baseline covariates were balanced after propensity score matching, and prior comorbidities were uncommon (hypertension vs control cohort: malignancy, 1451 [5.7%] vs 7908 [6.2%]; congenital heart disease, 1089 [4.3%] vs 5408 [4.2%]; diabetes, 482 [1.9%] vs 2410 [1.9%]). During a median (IQR) of 13.6 (7.8-19.5) years of follow-up, incidence of MACE was 4.6 per 1000 person-years in children with hypertension vs 2.2 per 1000 person-years in controls (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.2). Children with hypertension were at higher associated risk of stroke, hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina, coronary intervention, and congestive heart failure, but not cardiovascular death, compared with nonhypertensive controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Children diagnosed with hypertension had a higher associated long-term risk of MACE compared with controls without hypertension. Improved detection, follow-up, and control of pediatric hypertension may reduce the risk of adult cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T09:30:29Z","timestamp":1714987829000},"page":"688","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Long-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Cal H.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junayd","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivethika","family":"Jeyakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute and London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine S.","family":"Birken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Dart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis","family":"Dionne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anika","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujane","family":"Kandasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Marjerrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children\u2019s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"South","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children\u2019s, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lehana","family":"Thabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph\u2019s Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Wahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children\u2019s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zappitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Chanchlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children\u2019s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000058","article-title":"The preventable causes of death in the US: comparative risk assessment of dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors.","volume":"6","author":"Danaei","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"poi240026r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00559-8","article-title":"Global epidemiology, health burden, and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension.","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19043","article-title":"Global Burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015.","volume":"317","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"poi240026r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m3222","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3222","article-title":"Association between high blood pressure and long term cardiovascular events in young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"370","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1563-7","article-title":"Emergency department and inpatient health care utilization due to hypertension.","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"poi240026r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.20122","article-title":"Screening for high blood pressure in children and adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"324","author":"Krist","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi240026r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000065","article-title":"2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNa guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines.","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"12","key":"poi240026r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.3310","article-title":"Global prevalence of hypertension in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"173","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11673","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension in children.","volume":"73","author":"Bell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.","volume":"140","author":"Flynn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14168","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure in childhood or adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review.","volume":"75","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3523","article-title":"Screening for hypertension in children and adolescents to prevent cardiovascular disease.","volume":"131","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"poi240026r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.20967","article-title":"Prevalence of pediatric masked hypertension and risk of subclinical cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"80","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000032940.33466.12","article-title":"Obesity hypertension in children: a problem of epidemic proportions.","volume":"40","author":"Sorof","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.02.018","article-title":"High blood pressure in children and adolescents: current perspectives and strategies to improve future kidney and cardiovascular health.","volume":"7","author":"Robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi240026r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2195","article-title":"Diagnosis and medication treatment of pediatric hypertension: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"138","author":"Kaelber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E230","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20150016","article-title":"Hypertension screening and follow-up in children and adolescents in a Canadian primary care population sample: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"4","author":"Aliarzadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3888","article-title":"Hypertension screening during ambulatory pediatric visits in the US, 2000-2009.","volume":"130","author":"Shapiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"poi240026r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.11.008","article-title":"Pediatrician adherence to guidelines for diagnosis and management of high blood pressure.","volume":"242","author":"Rea","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi240026r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.8.874","article-title":"Underdiagnosis of hypertension in children and adolescents.","volume":"298","author":"Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi240026r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814559379","article-title":"Real-time electronic medical record alerts increase high blood pressure recognition in children.","volume":"54","author":"Brady","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e349","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2437","article-title":"Patterns of care and persistence after incident elevated blood pressure.","volume":"132","author":"Daley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.02.086","article-title":"Hypertension Canada\u2019s 2020 comprehensive guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children.","volume":"36","author":"Rabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.03.007","article-title":"Hypertension Canada\u2019s 2017 guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of pediatric hypertension.","volume":"33","author":"Dionne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi240026r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001039","article-title":"2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.","volume":"34","author":"Lurbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"poi240026r26","first-page":"555","article-title":"The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents.","volume":"114","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r27","article-title":"Screening for high blood pressure in children and adolescents\u2014US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.","volume":"103","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"20","key":"poi240026r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109191","article-title":"Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and adult cardiovascular events.","volume":"386","author":"Jacobs","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9596","key":"poi240026r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi240026r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","article-title":"The Reporting of Studies Conducted Using Observational Routinely Collected Health Data (RECORD) statement.","volume":"12","author":"Benchimol","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02391-3","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes in children with Kawasaki disease: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"93","author":"Robinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33401-x","article-title":"Evaluation of administrative case definitions for hypertension in Canadian children.","volume":"13","author":"Dart","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"poi240026r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-42","article-title":"Surname lists to identify South Asian and Chinese ethnicity from secondary data in Ontario, Canada: a validation study.","volume":"10","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2018.02.010","article-title":"Development and validation of the pediatric medical complexity algorithm (PMCA), version 3.0.","volume":"18","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"issue":"48","key":"poi240026r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz460","article-title":"Development and validation of a multivariable prediction model for major adverse cardiovascular events after early stage breast cancer: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"40","author":"Abdel-Qadir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01440-5","article-title":"Major adverse cardiovascular event definitions used in observational analysis of administrative databases: a systematic review.","volume":"21","author":"Bosco","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"21","key":"poi240026r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.09.590","article-title":"New decade, new FDA guidance for diabetes drug development: lessons learned and future directions.","volume":"76","author":"Ferro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10138","key":"poi240026r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31184-X","article-title":"End points in diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials.","volume":"391","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05635-w","article-title":"Incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality in childhood solid organ transplant recipients: a population-based study.","volume":"38","author":"Brar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi240026r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1080\/03610910902859574","article-title":"Using the standardized difference to compare the prevalence of a binary variable between 2 groups in observational research.","volume":"38","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun Stat Simul Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e35","article-title":"A new and improved population-based Canadian reference for birth weight for gestational age.","volume":"108","author":"Kramer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9207","key":"poi240026r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07330-4","article-title":"Risks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trials.","volume":"355","author":"Staessen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"poi240026r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530440051036","article-title":"Blood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatment.","volume":"275","author":"Kannel","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10285","key":"poi240026r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00590-0","article-title":"Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis.","volume":"397","author":"Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists\u2019 Collaboration","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10022","key":"poi240026r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8","article-title":"Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"387","author":"Ettehad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"poi240026r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.19.1907","article-title":"Left ventricular geometry and severe left ventricular hypertrophy in children and adolescents with essential hypertension.","volume":"97","author":"Daniels","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.125851","article-title":"Left atrial size in children with hypertension: the influence of obesity, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass.","volume":"141","author":"Daniels","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"poi240026r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.01.045","article-title":"Relation of childhood risk factors to left ventricular hypertrophy (eccentric or concentric) in relatively young adulthood (from the Bogalusa Heart Study).","volume":"101","author":"Toprak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi240026r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.310421","article-title":"Long-term excessive body weight and adult left ventricular hypertrophy are linked through later-life body size and blood pressure: the Bogalusa Heart Study.","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10975","article-title":"Trajectories of childhood blood pressure and adult left ventricular hypertrophy: the Bogalusa Heart Study.","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi240026r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000552","article-title":"The role of blood pressure, body weight and fat distribution on left ventricular mass, diastolic function, and cardiac geometry in children.","volume":"33","author":"Pieruzzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.2011.13.issue-5","article-title":"Cardiac and vascular consequences of prehypertension in youth.","volume":"13","author":"Urbina","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08312","article-title":"Blood pressure trajectories from childhood to young adulthood associated with cardiovascular risk: results from the 23-year longitudinal Georgia Stress and Heart Study.","volume":"69","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"15","key":"poi240026r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.072","article-title":"Impact of long-term burden of excessive adiposity and elevated blood pressure from childhood on adulthood left ventricular remodeling patterns: the Bogalusa Heart Study.","volume":"64","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi240026r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20190","article-title":"Risk of target organ damage in children with ambulatory hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"80","author":"Chung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001614","article-title":"Combined effects of child and adult elevated blood pressure on subclinical atherosclerosis: the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium.","volume":"128","author":"Juhola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.5935\/abc.20170043","article-title":"Assessment of carotid intima-media thickness as an early marker of vascular damage in hypertensive children.","volume":"108","author":"Baroncini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000227029.10536.e8","article-title":"Effects of childhood primary hypertension on carotid intima media thickness: a matched controlled study.","volume":"48","author":"Lande","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.61","article-title":"Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with elevated blood pressure.","volume":"111","author":"Sorof","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000115922.98155.23","article-title":"Childhood blood pressure as a predictor of arterial stiffness in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3426","article-title":"Simplified definitions of elevated pediatric blood pressure and high adult arterial stiffness.","volume":"132","author":"Aatola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(95)05525-2","article-title":"Histologic features of atherosclerosis and hypertension from autopsies of young individuals in a defined geographic population: the Bogalusa Heart Study.","volume":"116","author":"Tracy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00669-9","article-title":"Histopathological modifications of early atherosclerotic lesions by risk factors\u2013findings in PDAY subjects.","volume":"156","author":"Homma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi240026r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.5.1307s","article-title":"Origin of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence.","volume":"72","author":"McGill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00461-0","article-title":"Coronary risk factors measured in childhood and young adult life are associated with coronary artery calcification in young adults: the Muscatine Study.","volume":"27","author":"Mahoney","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi240026r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.8.838","article-title":"Increased carotid intimal-medial thickness and coronary calcification are related in young and middle-aged adults. the Muscatine study.","volume":"100","author":"Davis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi240026r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.12.007","article-title":"Influence of blood pressure on retinal vascular caliber in young children.","volume":"118","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"poi240026r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.15","article-title":"Influence of blood pressure and body mass index on retinal vascular caliber in preschool-aged children.","volume":"27","author":"Gopinath","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hps091","article-title":"Arterial and retinal vascular changes in hypertensive and prehypertensive adolescents.","volume":"26","author":"Murgan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi240026r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-2019-2","article-title":"Microalbuminuria in children with primary and white coat hypertension.","volume":"27","author":"Seeman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi240026r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.2016.18.issue-10","article-title":"Microalbuminuria in children with primary hypertension.","volume":"18","author":"Flynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019182871","article-title":"Left ventricular mass at MRI and long-term risk of cardiovascular events: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).","volume":"293","author":"Kawel-Boehm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi240026r78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.12.029","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality risk in male veteran patients at high cardiovascular risk.","volume":"125","author":"Papademetriou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi240026r79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.9630","article-title":"Common carotid intima-media thickness measurements in cardiovascular risk prediction: a meta-analysis.","volume":"308","author":"Den Ruijter","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9831","key":"poi240026r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60441-3","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness progression to predict cardiovascular events in the general population (the PROG-IMT collaborative project): a meta-analysis of individual participant data.","volume":"379","author":"Lorenz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14168","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure in childhood or adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review.","volume":"75","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi240026r82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282ffb17e","article-title":"Blood pressure in late adolescence and early incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in the Swedish 1969 conscription cohort.","volume":"26","author":"Falkstedt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000369960","article-title":"Risk factors assessed in adolescence and the later risk of stroke in men: a 33-year follow-up study.","volume":"39","author":"H\u00f6gstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.08.010","article-title":"Childhood risk factors predict cardiovascular disease, impaired fasting glucose plus type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure 26 years later at a mean age of 38 years: the Princeton-lipid research clinics follow-up study.","volume":"61","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"poi240026r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d643","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d643","article-title":"Association of blood pressure in late adolescence with subsequent mortality: cohort study of Swedish male conscripts.","volume":"342","author":"Sundstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"23","key":"poi240026r86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.07.045","article-title":"Blood pressure in early adulthood, hypertension in middle age, and future cardiovascular disease mortality: HAHS (Harvard Alumni Health Study).","volume":"58","author":"Gray","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"poi240026r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902066","article-title":"Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children.","volume":"361","author":"W\u00fchl","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9059","key":"poi240026r88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09260-4","article-title":"Randomized multicenter study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children.","volume":"349","author":"Wingen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi240026r89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.0197","article-title":"Association of intensive blood pressure control and kidney disease progression in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"177","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi240026r90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00003","article-title":"Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease: the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study.","volume":"123","author":"Peterson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi240026r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00006","article-title":"Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis.","volume":"139","author":"Jafar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16692","article-title":"Mean arterial pressure and chronic kidney disease progression in the CKiD cohort.","volume":"78","author":"Dionne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi240026r93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009060609","article-title":"Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD.","volume":"21","author":"Mitsnefes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08420811","article-title":"Change in cardiac geometry and function in CKD children during strict BP control: a randomized study.","volume":"8","author":"Matteucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi240026r95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.11.006","article-title":"Hypertension in pediatric patients on long-term dialysis: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS).","volume":"45","author":"Mitsnefes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"poi240026r28","unstructured":"UK National Screening Committee. Child screening programme: hypertension (child). Accessed November 7, 2021. https:\/\/view-health-screening-recommendations.service.gov.uk\/hypertension-child\/"},{"key":"poi240026r30","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Census profile, 2021 census of population. Accessed October 29, 2022. https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2021\/dp-pd\/prof\/index.cfm?Lang=E"},{"key":"poi240026r36","unstructured":"Canadian Institute for Health Information. Health indicators 2013. Accessed December 18, 2019. https:\/\/www.cihi.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/document\/health-indicators-2013-en.pdf"},{"key":"poi240026r37","unstructured":"Public Health Ontario. Ontario marginalization index (ON-Marg). Accessed February 13, 2024. https:\/\/www.publichealthontario.ca\/en\/Data-and-Analysis\/Health-Equity\/Ontario-Marginalization-Index"},{"key":"poi240026r38","unstructured":"Rural Ontario Institute. Home page. Accessed December 10, 2019. https:\/\/www.ruralontarioinstitute.ca\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/articlepdf\/2818399\/jamapediatrics_robinson_2024_oi_240026_1723729111.76634.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T11:04:57Z","timestamp":1724065497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2818399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.1543","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}}}