{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:27:42Z","timestamp":1793125662471,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-poi240040-4\"><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first population-based study quantifying the incidence of nonsynostotic positional plagiocephaly and\/or brachycephaly (PPB) in infancy and its association with developmental disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi240040-5\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the incidence of PPB before age 1 year, the incidence of craniosynostosis, and the percentage of children with PPB diagnosed with a developmental disorder by age 7 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi240040-6\"><jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study of children in the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) born in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2012, with follow-up through age 7 years. Data were analyzed from March 2021 to April 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi240040-7\"><jats:title>Exposure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical examination detecting cranial deformity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi240040-8\"><jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome was the incidence of PPB. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of craniosynostosis and the percentage of children with PPB diagnosed with a developmental disorder by age 7 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi240040-9\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 9909 infants (5084 [51.3%] male; 9205 [92.9%] born at term and 704 [7.1%] born preterm) included in the study, 575 had PPB, for a PPB incidence of 5.8% (95% CI, 5.3%-6.3%). The incidence of PPB was 5.3% (95% CI, 4.8%-5.8%) in term infants vs 11.8% (95% CI, 9.4%-14.6%) in preterm infants. The incidence of craniosynostosis was 0.16% (95% CI, 0.09%-0.26%). A developmental disorder was known or suspected in 4.2% (95% CI, 2.7%-6.2%) of infants at the time of PPB diagnosis; among 402 infants with PPB and follow-up through age 7 years, 30 (7.5%; 95% CI, 5.0%-10.7%) had a confirmed developmental disorder by 7 years of age. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children with a history of PPB who were followed up to age 7 years was 2.2% (9 of 402 children).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"ab-poi240040-10\"><jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found that only a small percentage of the infants had positional head deformity significant enough to be documented and\/or referred for subspecialty evaluation, and only a small subset of these children went on to have a developmental disorder in childhood. This information is helpful for counseling families about their child\u2019s developmental risk at time of PPB diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2024.2304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T15:01:03Z","timestamp":1721660463000},"page":"899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Incidence of Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly and Developmental Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Rabatin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joline E.","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Theuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina M.","family":"Viet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Hollman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherilyn W.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"6, pt 1","key":"poi240040r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.6.877","article-title":"Observations on a recent increase in plagiocephaly without 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