{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:03:31Z","timestamp":1788966211320,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n A narrow range of food consumption and\/or restricted eating is a core feature of avoidant\/restrictive food intake (ARFI) disorder. However, there is limited knowledge of developmental characteristics of children with ARFI and its etiological influences, which constrains research, prevention, and intervention efforts.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To estimate the prevalence of ARFI phenotypes in a population-based sample, examine developmental characteristics across childhood, and investigate the genetic architecture of ARFI using genome-wide association analyses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This preregistered study used data from children born from 1999 to 2009 in the population-based Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), with mother-reported data on ARFI symptoms at 3 and 8 years and linkage with diagnostic data from population health registries. Data were analyzed from March 2024 to May 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Multiple items were used to identify children with broad ARFI. These children were subclassified into 3 groups based on symptom persistence: ARFI\u2013broad transient (only at age 3 years), emergent (only at age 8 years), and persistent (ages 3 and 8 years). Children in these groups with 1 or more indicators of clinical significance (eg, nutritional deficiency) were further classified into ARFI-clinical subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n ARFI groups were compared across developmental characteristics from 6 months to 14 years. Genome-wide methods were used to examine single-nucleotide variant (SNV) heritability (SNV-\n h<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), conduct genetic association analyses, and quantify genetic correlations with other phenotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 35\u202f751 children with available ARFI assessments at 3 and 8 years (18\u202f236 male [51%]), the prevalence of ARFI\u2013broad persistent, transient, and emergent was 2129 (6.0%), 6338 (17.7%), and 3001 (8.4%), respectively. The prevalence of ARFI-clinical persistent, transient, and emergent was 624 (1.8%), 1157 (3.2%), and 484 (1.4%), respectively (2265 [6.3%] overall). Children with ARFI\u2013broad persistent exhibited more developmental difficulties compared with children with no ARFI. SNV-\n h<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ranged from 8% to 16%. Two independent genome-wide significant loci were identified. For ARFI-clinical, a significant association was identified with\n ADCY3<\/jats:italic>\n (\n z<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20095.42;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093.03\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n \u22128<\/jats:sup>\n ). Small to moderate genetic correlations were observed for ARFI-broad, ARFI-clinical and mental health, cognitive\/educational, anthropometric, food-associated, and gastrointestinal disorder phenotypes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n This cohort study found that the prevalence of ARFI in the general pediatric population was substantial, and affected children had an associated elevated risk of developmental difficulties across multiple domains. Findings suggest a need for broad support interventions and advance understanding of the genetic underpinnings of ARFI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.4786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T16:31:12Z","timestamp":1764001872000},"page":"45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence, Characteristics, and Genetic Architecture of Avoidant\/Restrictive Food Intake Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Ludvig Daae","family":"Bj\u00f8rndal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology Group, Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Corfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology Group, Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"MRC (Medical Research Council) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie J.","family":"Hannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology Group, Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"MRC (Medical Research Council) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziada","family":"Ayorech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunna J.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dinkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J. R. A.","family":"Chawner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole A.","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Ask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Havdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology Group, Research Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20795","article-title":"Feeding and eating disorders in childhood.","volume":"43","author":"Bryant-Waugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"poi250065r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2015.07.026","article-title":"Picky\/fussy eating in children: review of definitions, assessment, prevalence and dietary intakes.","volume":"95","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"issue":"11","key":"poi250065r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12530","article-title":"Behavioral outcomes of picky eating in childhood: a prospective study in the general population.","volume":"57","author":"Cardona Cano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.11.013","article-title":"Characteristics of avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents: a \u201cnew disorder\u201d in DSM-5.","volume":"55","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"poi250065r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112961","article-title":"Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder: a systematic scoping review of the current literature.","volume":"288","author":"Bourne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"poi250065r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.3861","article-title":"Incidence and age- and sex-specific differences in the clinical presentation of children and adolescents with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder.","volume":"175","author":"Katzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2964","article-title":"What do we know about the epidemiology of avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents\u2014a systematic review of the literature.","volume":"31","author":"Sanchez-Cerezo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev"},{"key":"poi250065r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2024.102502","article-title":"Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrating the impact of study quality on prevalence rates.","volume":"114","author":"Nicholls-Clow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi250065r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12094","article-title":"Early neurodevelopmental problems and risk for avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in 4-7-year-old children: a Japanese birth cohort study.","volume":"2","author":"Dinkler","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCPP Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaacop.2023.05.001","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in a pediatric population.","volume":"1","author":"Sader","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAACAP Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi250065r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.24369","article-title":"The co-occurrence of autism and avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): a prevalence-based meta-analysis.","volume":"58","author":"Sader","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi250065r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.122945","article-title":"Common genetic architecture underlying young children\u2019s food fussiness and liking for vegetables and fruit.","volume":"103","author":"Fildes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14053","article-title":"Nature and nurture in fussy eating from toddlerhood to early adolescence: findings from the Gemini twin cohort.","volume":"66","author":"Nas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12647","article-title":"Food fussiness and food neophobia share a common etiology in early childhood.","volume":"58","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"poi250065r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.04.016","article-title":"Heritability of food preferences in young children.","volume":"88","author":"Breen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi250065r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28868","article-title":"Nature and nurture in infant appetite: analysis of the Gemini twin birth cohort.","volume":"91","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi250065r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.4612","article-title":"Etiology of the broad avoidant restrictive food intake disorder phenotype in Swedish twins aged 6 to 12 years.","volume":"80","author":"Dinkler","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"poi250065r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2147\/AGG.S55776","article-title":"Genetics and epigenetics of eating disorders.","volume":"5","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Genomics Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00578-x","article-title":"How genetic analysis may contribute to the understanding of avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).","volume":"10","author":"Kennedy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi250065r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511","article-title":"Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration.","volume":"18","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw029","article-title":"Cohort profile update: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).","volume":"45","author":"Magnus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"poi250065r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5324\/nje.v24i1-2.1755","article-title":"The biobank of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study\u2014present status.","volume":"24","author":"Paltiel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nor Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494819859737","article-title":"The Norwegian Patient Registry and the Norwegian Registry for Primary Health Care: research potential of 2 nationwide health care registries.","volume":"48","author":"Bakken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi250065r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00870-7","article-title":"Computationally efficient whole-genome regression for quantitative and binary traits.","volume":"53","author":"Mbatchou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011","article-title":"GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis.","volume":"88","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi250065r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2213","article-title":"Conditional and joint multiple-SNP analysis of GWAS summary statistics identifies additional variants influencing complex traits.","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"18","key":"poi250065r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq419","article-title":"LocusZoom: regional visualization of genome-wide association scan results.","volume":"26","author":"Pruim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi250065r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004219","article-title":"MAGMA: generalized gene-set analysis of GWAS data.","volume":"11","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"poi250065r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113385","article-title":"Feeding, eating, and emotional disturbances in children with avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).","volume":"12","author":"Iron-Segev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.14977","article-title":"Avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder and autism spectrum disorder: clinical implications for assessment and management.","volume":"64","author":"Farag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-019-0261-3","article-title":"Attributes of children and adolescents with avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder.","volume":"7","author":"Keery","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"poi250065r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00962-z","article-title":"Restrictive eating disorders in children and adolescents: a comparison between clinical and psychopathological profiles.","volume":"26","author":"Zanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"poi250065r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.11.035","article-title":"Genome-wide association meta-analysis of childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms.","volume":"61","author":"Jami","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi250065r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.025","article-title":"A genome-wide association meta-analysis of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in population-based pediatric cohorts.","volume":"55","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0022-7","article-title":"Loss of function variants in ADCY3 increase risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.","volume":"50","author":"Grarup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi250065r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0023-6","article-title":"Loss of function mutations in ADCY3 cause monogenic severe obesity.","volume":"50","author":"Saeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00322-2","article-title":"Expression and functions of adenylyl cyclases in the CNS.","volume":"19","author":"Devasani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi250065r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1292-z","article-title":"Enrichment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer risk variants in colon expression quantitative trait loci.","volume":"16","author":"Hulur","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi250065r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00549-1","article-title":"Characterization of the genetic architecture of infant and early childhood body mass index.","volume":"4","author":"Helgeland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"poi250065r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","article-title":"An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits.","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi250065r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00550-1","article-title":"Bias from self-selection and loss to follow-up in prospective cohort studies.","volume":"34","author":"Biele","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi250065r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2009.01062.x","article-title":"Self-selection and bias in a large prospective pregnancy cohort in Norway.","volume":"23","author":"Nilsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"poi250065r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"poi250065r5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). 11th ed. Accessed May 28, 2025. https:\/\/icd.who.int"},{"key":"poi250065r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nyholmer? M, Wronski? ML, Hog? L, . Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions in 600 Swedish Children with the ARFID phenotype.? medRxiv. Preprint posted online May 16, 2024. doi:10.1101\/2024.05.16.24307471","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.05.16.24307471"},{"key":"poi250065r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wronski? ML, Kuja-Halkola? R, Hedlund? E, . Coexisting mental and somatic conditions in Swedish children with the avoidant restrictive food intake disorder phenotype.? medRxiv. Preprint posted online March 15, 2024. doi:10.1101\/2024.03.10.24304003","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4763092"},{"key":"poi250065r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corfield? EC, Frei? O, Shadrin? AA, . The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) genotyping data resource: MoBaPsychGen pipeline v.1.? bioRxiv. Preprint posted online May 7, 2024. doi:10.1101\/2022.06.23.496289","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.23.496289"},{"key":"poi250065r29","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Questionnaires from MoBa. Accessed March 31, 2025. https:\/\/www.fhi.no\/en\/ch\/studies\/moba\/for-forskere-artikler\/questionnaires-from-moba\/"},{"key":"poi250065r36","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Accessed March 1, 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"poi250065r37","unstructured":"Hannigan? LJ, Corfield? EC, Askelund? AD, . Phenotools: an R package to facilitate efficient and reproducible use of phenotypic data from MoBa and linked registry sources in the TSD environment. Accessed June 18, 2024. https:\/\/osf.io\/6g8bj\/overview"},{"key":"poi250065r38","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rndal? LD, Havdahl? A, Ask? H, . Avoidant and restrictive eating phenotypes in MoBa. Accessed June 18, 2024. https:\/\/osf.io\/vea79\/overview"}],"container-title":["JAMA Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/articlepdf\/2841700\/jamapediatrics_bjrndal_2025_oi_250065_1766435153.55054.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T16:00:42Z","timestamp":1767628842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2841700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.4786","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}