{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:42:39Z","timestamp":1793191359168,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n During the 2024-2025 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season in the US, nirsevimab and maternal RSV vaccination became widely available to prevent severe RSV disease in infants. Assessments of the real-world effectiveness and impact of both products are needed to inform RSV prevention policy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To estimate nirsevimab and maternal RSV vaccine effectiveness against medically attended RSV-associated acute respiratory illness (ARI) and to estimate the impact of these products on RSV-associated hospitalizations during 2024-2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n Population-based surveillance for medically attended ARI was conducted among children younger than 2 years with systematic molecular testing for RSV. Children were enrolled at 7 US pediatric medical centers from October 1, 2024, through April 30, 2025. A test-negative case-control design was used to estimate maternal RSV vaccine and nirsevimab effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n To estimate maternal RSV vaccine effectiveness, the exposure was maternal RSV vaccination among newborns and infants younger than 6 months at medical encounters; to estimate nirsevimab effectiveness, the exposure was nirsevimab receipt among newborns and infants younger than 8 months as of October 1, 2024, or born after that date.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was medically attended RSV-associated ARI and RSV-associated hospitalization. Immunization effectiveness was calculated as (1\u2009\u2212\u2009adjusted odds ratio)\u2009\u00d7\u2009100%. To estimate population-level impact of RSV prevention products, relative rate reductions were estimated by comparing observed RSV-associated hospitalization rates during 2024-2025 to (1) observed rates in 2017-2020 or (2) counterfactual 2024-2025 rates estimated by a difference-in-differences approach; estimates from both approaches are presented as ranges.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Overall, 5029 children younger than 2 years with medically attended ARI were enrolled during October 2024 to April 2025. Median (IQR) age was 10 months (5-16 months), and 2176 children (43.3%) were female. Among newborns and infants younger than 6 months, maternal RSV vaccine effectiveness was 64% (95% CI, 37%-79%) against any medically attended RSV-associated ARI and 70% (95% CI, 37%-86%) against RSV-associated hospitalization. Nirsevimab effectiveness was 81% (95% CI, 71%-87%) against RSV-associated hospitalization, and nirsevimab remained 77% (95% CI, 42%-92%) effective against RSV-associated hospitalization at 130 to 210 days after receipt. RSV-associated hospitalizations were reduced by 41% to 51% among newborns and infants aged 0 to 11 months, with the highest reduction of 56% to 63% in those aged 0 to 2 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n According to the results of this population-based surveillance study, during 2024-2025, both maternal RSV vaccine and nirsevimab were estimated to be effective at protecting infants from RSV-associated hospitalizations in their first RSV season, and RSV-associated hospitalization rates in newborns and infants aged 0 to 11 months were reduced by up to half compared to seasons before these products were introduced.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2025.5778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:30:21Z","timestamp":1766424621000},"page":"314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Effectiveness and Impact of Maternal RSV Immunization and Nirsevimab on Medically Attended RSV in US Children"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Heidi L.","family":"Moline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayzsa","family":"Tannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Staat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Boom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 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