{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T16:29:13Z","timestamp":1793636953327,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260048-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The consistency of nirsevimab effectiveness across consecutive seasons and its broader clinical protective effects remain to be fully characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260048-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether first-season effectiveness of nirsevimab against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)\u2013lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)\u2013related hospitalizations is maintained during a new RSV season, whether the effectiveness persists beyond the first season, and whether nirsevimab exposure is associated with hospitalizations for non-RSV infections and asthma during the first and second years of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260048-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study analyzed 2 nationwide matched cohorts using the French National Health Data System, including infants born in metropolitan France before the 2023 and 2024 immunization campaigns. Infants receiving nirsevimab were matched 1:1 to unimmunized infants. Both cohorts were followed up for 1 year after immunization, with an additional second year of follow-up for the 2023 cohort. Data analysis was performed from February 2023 to August 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260048-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single dose of nirsevimab.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260048-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RSV-LRTI\u2013related, non-RSV infection, and asthma hospitalizations were assessed using weighted Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260048-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study included 74\u202f672 infants in 2023 and 175\u202f526 in 2024. At baseline, the mean (SD) age of immunized infants was 4.5 (2.0) months in the 2023 cohort; 19\u202f633 (52.6%) were male and 17\u202f703 (47.4%) were female. The mean (SD) age of the 2024 cohort was 4.8 (2.2) months; 44\u202f863 immunized infants (51.1%) were male and 42\u202f900 (48.9%) were female. Among 37\u202f366 infant pairs in 2023 and 87\u202f763 pairs in 2024, RSV-LRTI\u2013related hospitalizations during the first year of follow-up occurred in 299 (0.8%) immunized vs 899 (2.4%) unimmunized infants in 2023 and 456 (0.5%) vs 1711 (1.9%), respectively, in 2024. Nirsevimab was associated with a lower rate of RSV-LRTI\u2013related hospitalization in both the 2023 and 2024 cohort during the first year of follow-up, with effectiveness estimates of 66% (95% CI, 61%-70%) and 72% (95% CI, 69%-75%), respectively. An association with higher rates of hospitalization for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) bacterial infections was observed (2023 cohort: weighted hazard ratio [wHR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.00-1.84; 2024 cohort: wHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15-1.78). No significant association was observed for other outcomes. During the second year of follow-up, no protective association was observed for RSV-LRTI\u2013related hospitalization (wHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.73-1.43). An association with higher rates of hospitalization for ENT (wHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.10-2.22) and asthma (wHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.46) was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260048-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found that nirsevimab was associated with a substantial reduction in RSV-LRTI\u2013related hospitalizations during the first year across both the 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 seasons. It was not associated with reduced hospitalizations due to non-RSV infections or asthma, nor during the second year of follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2026.3384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:30:25Z","timestamp":1786375825000},"page":"1222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First- and Second-Year Outcomes After Nirsevimab Immunization"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Gabet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Product (EPI-PHARE), French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM) and French National Health Insurance (CNAM), Saint-Denis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Epiphane","family":"Kolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Product (EPI-PHARE), 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