{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:12:08Z","timestamp":1791317528821,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260064-4\">\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concerns about the risks adolescents face online are rising, and existing research on online harms rarely examines platform-level differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260064-5\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of negative experiences reported by US adolescents online, offline, and across 20 different online platforms using a national survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260064-6\">\n                    <jats:title>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional, nationally representative, pilot survey of US adolescents aged 13 to 17 years conducted from February to December 2025 through the probability-based Understanding America Study panel. Self-reported use and negative experiences on 20 online platforms (eg, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, and YouTube) were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260064-7\">\n                    <jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported use of 20 online communication platforms (eg, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, and YouTube) in the past 4 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260064-8\">\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of adolescents\u2019 reporting experiencing major risks and harms online, offline, and for each of 20 online platforms in the last 4 weeks. Harms include harassment, sexual solicitation, exposure to violent content, and technology-related sleep disruption. Survey-weighted logistic regression examined demographic associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260064-9\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The weighted sample included 472 adolescents (mean [SE] age 14.9 [0.1] years; 46.8% female) from 47 states. Across online and offline contexts, 44.7% witnessed harassment and 29.8% reported experiencing it directly in the past 4 weeks. Online exposure exceeded offline exposure for several harms, including reported exposure to violent imagery (10.7% vs 1.6%), unwanted sexual images (13.4% vs 2.0%), and content encouraging self-harm (9.7% vs 5.2%), while direct harassment was reported at similar rates offline and online (18.5% vs 16.4%). More than half (51.5%) self-reported sleep disruption due to technology use. Prevalence varied by platform.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"ab-poi260064-10\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that negative online experiences are commonly reported by US adolescents and vary across platforms and subgroups of adolescents. Measuring the prevalence of negative online experiences is feasible and analogous to public health risk monitoring frameworks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2026.4692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:30:46Z","timestamp":1789745446000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Adolescents\u2019 Experiences of Online Harms by Platform"],"prefix":"10.1001","author":[{"given":"Angela Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tech Impact & Policy Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California"},{"name":"School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison"},{"name":"School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen H. J.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stern School of Business, New York University, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny Xun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tech Impact & Policy Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Kang Xing","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke","family":"Buffone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neely Center, University of Southern California Marshall School, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neely Center, University of Southern California Marshall School, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Rausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stern School of Business, New York University, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Haidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stern School of Business, New York University, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathanael J.","family":"Fast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neely Center, University of Southern California Marshall School, Los Angeles"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey T.","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tech Impact & Policy Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Linos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"poi260064r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(25)00311-6","article-title":"Cybervictimisation and mental health conditions in young people: findings from a nationally representative longitudinal cohort.","volume":"10","author":"Th\u00e9riault-Couture","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"poi260064r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12197","article-title":"Annual research review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: the nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age.","volume":"55","author":"Livingstone","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi260064r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-02011-6","article-title":"Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization.","volume":"9","author":"Kasturiratna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"poi260064r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00329-8","article-title":"Prevalence estimates and nature of online child sexual exploitation and abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Fry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"poi260064r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.34471","article-title":"Prevalence of online sexual offenses against children in the US.","volume":"5","author":"Finkelhor","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"poi260064r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650220958224","article-title":"Computer-mediated communication, social media, and mental health: a conceptual and empirical meta-review.","volume":"48","author":"Meier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Communic Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi260064r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29296-3","article-title":"Windows of developmental sensitivity to social media.","volume":"13","author":"Orben","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6743","key":"poi260064r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt6807","article-title":"Fixing the science of digital technology harms.","volume":"388","author":"Orben","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi260064r13","first-page":"13","article-title":"An introduction to the Understanding America Study internet panel.","volume":"78","author":"Alattar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Secur Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"poi260064r17","first-page":"46","article-title":"Social media: defining, developing, and divining.","volume":"23","author":"Carr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atl J Commun"},{"key":"poi260064r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010419-050944","article-title":"Social media elements, ecologies, and effects.","volume":"71","author":"Bayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"poi260064r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2010.06.009","article-title":"Youth internet victimization in a broader victimization context.","volume":"48","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"poi260064r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0020-0","article-title":"Using social media for social comparison and feedback-seeking: gender and popularity moderate associations with depressive symptoms.","volume":"43","author":"Nesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi260064r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-011-9640-9","article-title":"Determinants of Social Desirability Bias in Sensitive surveys: a literature review.","volume":"47","author":"Krumpal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"4","key":"poi260064r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.su7304a1","article-title":"Overview and methods for the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System\u2014United States, 2023.","volume":"73","author":"Brener","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Suppl"},{"key":"poi260064r3","unstructured":"Vogels? EA. Teens and cyberbullying 2022. Pew Research Center. Published December 15, 2022. Accessed August 7, 2026. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2022\/12\/15\/teens-and-cyberbullying-2022\/"},{"key":"poi260064r4","unstructured":"Smahel? D, Machackova? H, Mascheroni? G, . EU Kids Online 2020: survey results from 19 countries. EU Kids Online. Published 2020. Accessed August 7, 2026. https:\/\/www.eukidsonline.ch\/files\/Eu-kids-online-2020-international-report.pdf"},{"key":"poi260064r5","unstructured":"Rideout? V, Peebles? A, Mann? S, Robb? MB. Common Sense Census: media use by tweens and teens, 2021. Common Sense Media. Published 2022. Accessed August 7, 2026. https:\/\/www.commonsensemedia.org\/research\/the-common-sense-census-media-use-by-tweens-and-teens-2021"},{"key":"poi260064r10","unstructured":"Hudson? N, David? M, Haux? T, . Content and activity that is harmful to children within scope of the online safety bill a rapid evidence assessment prepared for: department for digital, culture, media and sport. Published 2022. Accessed September 3, 2026. https:\/\/natcen.ac.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-12\/Content_and_Activity_that_is_Harmful_to_Children_within_Scope_of_the_Online_Safety_Bill__REA__accessible_.pdf"},{"key":"poi260064r14","unstructured":"Fast? N, Schroeder? J, Iyer? R, Motyl? M. Unveiling the Neely ethics & technology indices. Designing Tomorrow. Published June 22, 2023. Accessed August 10, 2026. https:\/\/psychoftech.substack.com\/p\/unveiling-the-neely-ethics-and-technology"},{"key":"poi260064r15","unstructured":"B\u00e9jar? A. Testimony before the US Senate Committee on the Judiciary. November 7, 2023. Accessed August 7, 2026. https:\/\/www.judiciary.senate.gov\/imo\/media\/doc\/2023-11-07_-_testimony_-_bejar.pdf"},{"key":"poi260064r16","unstructured":"Sippel? B, Greb? N, Park? E, Rausch? Z, Haidt? J. Meta\u2019s internal research: what the co learned about social media and harms to mental health from dozens of internal studies. Tech and Society Lab, NYU Stern School of Business. Published January 13, 2026. Updated March 27, 2026. Accessed August 10, 2026. https:\/\/metasinternalresearch.org\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/articlepdf\/2854310\/jamapediatrics_lee_2026_oi_260064_1789401568.17721.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:30:50Z","timestamp":1789745450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/2854310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2026.4692","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-6203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]}}}